Inkomba yokuqukethwe kwekhasi
En Ok Pool Reform ngaphakathi Ukwelashwa kwamanzi echibini lokubhukuda sizokwembula yonke iminutiae mayelana Ifomula kanye nemiphumela ye-sodium hypochlorite: igesi ye-chlorine ekwelapheni kwamanzi echibini lokubhukuda ngaphakathi kwesigaba sekhasi Izimfihlo zokukhipha i-chlorine echibini lokubhukuda.
Yini i-sodium hypochlorite
Iyini i-CHLORINE GAS?
Incazelo yegesi ye-chlorine
Esikhathini sokuqala, phawula ukuthi i-sodium hypochlorite (i-NaOCl) iyinhlanganisela esetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu ukuhlanzwa kwendawo, ukumhlophe, ukukhishwa kwephunga kanye nokubulala amagciwane emanzini.
Lithini igama lokuhweba le-sodium hypochlorite
ama-synonyms e-sodium hypochlorite
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cacisa lokho I-sodium hypochlorite yaziwa ngokuthi: i-bleach, i-bleach, i-limpid, i-bleach, i-sodium hypochlorite, i-Giweissi Water, i-Jane Clarasol Water (evame kakhulu)
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-chlorine ne-sodium hypochlorite?
chlorine igama elivamile lesixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite
Ngale ndlela, i-sodium hypochlorite ihlanjululwa emanzini, ivame ukuthengiswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza, isibulala-magciwane, i-bleach kanye ne-stain remover.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-chlorine ne-bleach?
Igesi ye-Sodium Hypochlorite vs I-Bleach
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-bleach ne-chlorine ukuthi owokuqala ungumkhiqizo oqukethe i-chlorine esebenzayo engekho ngaphansi kwamagremu angu-35 ilitha ngalinye futhi hhayi ngaphezu kwama-60 amagremu ilitha ngalinye.
Uketshezi lwe-bleaching alufani ne-chlorine
Umkhiqizo obalulekile owenziwe nge-chlorine i-bleach, abantu ngezinye izikhathi abayididanisa ne-chlorine. I-bleaching fluid iqukethe inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-sodium hypochlorite. Uma uhlanganisa into ene-asidi ne-bleach, igesi ye-chlorine ingakheka.
Isho ukuthini igesi ye-chlorine?
I-gaseous chlorine ikhiqizwa ngokwezimboni kusuka ku-sodium chloride.
Elabhorethri, elawulwayo, lapho inani elincane legesi lidingeka, lingatholwa ngokusabela kwe-manganese dioxide noma i-hydrochloric acid, engabuye ilinganiswe: MnO2 (s) + HCL (aq) -> MnCL2 (aq) + H2O (I) + CL2 (g) ngalokhu kusabela ufuna ukusebenzisa u-29 g we-manganese dioxide
yini igesi ye-chlorine
igesi exutshwe ne-chlorine
| I-Chlorine iyigesi enephunga elicasulayo ngokwedlulele. | Ayizinzi kakhulu futhi isabela ngokushesha nezinto eziningi ukwenza amanye amakhemikhali. |
|---|---|
| Amanzi ane-chlorine awanayo igesi ye-chlorine. | Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi amanzi ane-chlorine aqukethe i-chlorine yamangqamuzana (Cl2 ). Ekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-chlorination yamanzi, igesi ye-chlorine yamangqamuzana ingangezwa emanzini; nokho, iguqulwa ngokushesha ibe amanye amakhemikhali, okuyiwo abulala amagciwane emanzini. I-Hypochlorous acid ne-hypochlorite anion yizimbili zalezi zinto ezibulala amagciwane emanzini.Igama elithi “i-chlorine yamahhala” emanzini okuphuza ngokuvamile libhekisela enanini le-hypochlorous acid ne-hypochlorite emanzini. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinto zihlukile ku-chlorine yamangqamuzana. |
Umlando wegesi ye-chlorine
Ubani owathola i-sodium hypochlorite?
I-gaseous chlorine yatholakala ngo-1774
I-sodium hypochlorite yatholwa ngo-1774 ngusokhemisi waseSweden uCarl Wilhelm Scheele, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi nanye kamuva umFulentshi uClaude Berthollet wabonisa izakhiwo zayo.
owasungula i-sodium hypochlorite
Ubani odale igesi ye-chlorine cl2
Ngo-1789, usokhemisi ongumFulentshi uClaude Louis Berthollet (1748-1822) wahlanganisa inhlanganisela entsha enesibulala-magciwane kanye nezindawo zokucwebeza ayibiza ngokuthi amanzi eJavel. Kwakuyi-sodium hypochlorite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bleach.
Igesi ye-chlorine yaqala ukusetshenziswa nini?
I-sodium hypochlorite yaqala ukusetshenziswa embonini yendwangu, ukwenza izindwangu zikakotini zibe mhlophe, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
Kodwa, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, kwaba isikhashana lapho uLouis Pasteur ethola ukuthi amagciwane ayimbangela yezifo ezithathelwanayo futhi azuza ukuthandwa kwawo njenge-antiseptic.
Ngakho, impushana ye-bleach, inhlanganisela ye-chlorine nobisi lwe-lime, yayiyi-bleaching agent eyinhloko kuze kube ngawo-1920. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho yathathelwa indawo yi-liquefied chlorine ne-sodium hypochlorite.
I-sodium hypochlorite isetshenziswa namuhla
I-sodium hypochlorite isetshenziswa namuhla
I-sodium hypochlorite isetshenziswa namuhla ekwelashweni kwamanzi, ekuxubeni kwezindwangu nasekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Ukuhlanzeka kwasekhaya kanye nokubulala amagciwane kusalokhu kuwukusetshenziswa kwakho kwansuku zonke.
igesi ye-chlorine ngokomzimba
Igesi ye-chlorine isetshenziselwa ini
Isebenza kanjani igesi ye-chlorine?
El igesi ye-chlorine Kuyinto ephuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, enobuthi kanye ne-oxidizing, esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-oxidize izinsimbi ezisindayo eziqukethwe emanzini, iqede amagciwane futhi iqinisekise izinga eliphezulu lokudliwa.
Isicelo segesi ye-chlorine
El Cloro unayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali, isb. isib ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo ephilayo ene-chlorinated (ipulasitiki noma izinto zokwenziwa, izinyibilikisi, izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-herbicides), embonini ye-pulp nephepha kanye nasezindaweni zokuwasha njenge-ejenti yokuxubha.
Iyini igesi ye-chlorine nemiphumela yayo
Igesi ye-chlorine nemiphumela yayo
I-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ihlonza izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu zokulahla imfucuza esizweni. I-EPA ibese ibeka lawa masayithi kusithonjana se-National Priorities Listexternal (NPL) futhi iwaqoke ukuba ahlanzwe isikhathi eside nguhulumeni wobumbano. Igesi ye-chlorine isebenza kakhulu ukuthi ingatholwa ezindaweni eziyingozi zemfucuza. Noma yiliphi inani legesi ye-chlorine elikhishwa kulezi zindawo lizoguqulwa ngokushesha libe ezinye izinto okungenzeka ukuthi imithombo yazo yayingeyona i-chlorine.
Lapho into ikhishwa endaweni enkulu, isibonelo esitshalweni sezimboni, noma esitsheni esifana nombhobho noma ibhodlela, into ingena endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kukhishwa akuhlali kuholela ekudaluleni. Ungachayeka entweni kuphela uma uhlangana nayo—ngokuhogela, ngokudla, noma ngokuphuza leyo nto, noma ngokuthinta isikhumba. Ngenxa yokuthi i-chlorine iyasebenza kakhulu, angeke uze uvezwe kuyo ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokuthi inani elikhulu likhishwe ngephutha endaweni.
Kunezici eziningi ezinquma ukuthi ukuchayeka ku-chlorine kuzokulimaza yini. Lezi zici zihlanganisa umthamo (ungakanani), ubude besikhathi (isikhathi esingakanani), nokuthi uhlangane kanjani nale nto. Kufanele futhi ucabangele amanye amakhemikhali ochayeka kuwo, iminyaka yakho, ubulili, ukudla, izici zomuntu siqu, indlela yokuphila, kanye nesimo sezempilo.
Ingakanani igesi ye-chlorine etholakala ngokwelapha ama-80g
Ingakanani igesi ye-chlorine
Ngokusekelwe ku- ukusabela kwamakhemikhali uma nje, siqhubeka nokucabangela izici zokuguqulwa ezihambisanayo, ukubala inani legesi ye-chlorine Cl2(g) elitholwa ngokwelapha u-80 g MnO2 nge-HCl eyeqile ngale ndlela elandelayo:
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
awu 87g 71g
80g MnO2 * 71gCl2 / 87g MnO2= 65.28gCl2.
Izici zegesi ye-chlorine
Idatha ye-Sodium hypochlorite
| Izici zegesi ye-chlorine | Idatha ye-Sodium hypochlorite |
|---|---|
| I-tradename | I-Chlorine Liquefied Gas |
| Igama lekhemikhali | I-Chlorine Gas |
| Uphawu lwegesi ye-chlorine | Cl |
| I-Chlorine gas Chemical Formula | I-Cl2 |
| Igesi ye-chlorine ingeyomndeni we: | I-chlorine ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezine ezihlobene eduze eziye zabizwa ngokuthi ama-halogen. |
| Ubani owathola i-sodium hypochlorite | UCarl Wilhelm Scheele ngo-1774 |
| Ubani owasungula i-sodium hypochlorite? | UClaude-Louis Berthollet e 1789 |
| Ubukhona emhlabeni: | Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-0.045% woqweqwe lomhlaba yi-chlorine, njengoba ingeyesibili ekusebenzeni kabusha phakathi kwama-halogen, kuphela ngemuva kwe-fluorine, ngakho-ke itholakala ikhululekile emvelweni kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu amagesi entaba-mlilo. |
| Ikhona kanjani igesi ye-chlorine? | Okokuqala nje, i-chlorine ikhona njengegesi ephuzi-luhlaza emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile nezingcindezi. |
| Yakhiwa kanjani igesi ye-chlorine? | I-chlorine ekhona emvelweni yakhiwe kusuka kuma-isotopes azinzile we-mass 35 kanye ne-37; ama-isotopes anemisebe alungiselelwe ngokuzenzela. |
| Inhlanganisela yegesi ye-chlorine nezinye izakhi | I-Fluorine iyona esebenza kakhulu ngamakhemikhali; iodine kanye ne-bromine awasebenzi kangako. I-chlorine ithatha indawo ye-iodine ne-bromine kusawoti wawo. Ibandakanyeka ekushintsheni noma ekuhlanganiseni kokusabela kukho kokubili izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. I-chlorine eyomile iyi-inert ngandlela-thile, kodwa imanzi ihlangana ngokuqondile nezakhi eziningi. |
| Inombolo ye-athomu | 17 |
| Valencia | +1,-1,3,5,7 |
| Isimo se-oxidation | -1 |
| i-electronegativity | 3.0 |
| Irediyasi ye-Covalent (Å) | 0,99 |
| Irediyasi ye-Ionic (Å) | 1,81 |
| Irediyasi ye-athomu (Å) | - |
| Ukumiswa kwe-elekthronikhi | [Ne] 3s23p5 |
| Amandla okuqala e-ionization (eV) | 13,01 |
| I-athomu yegesi ye-chlorine / Isisindo se-athomu (g/mol) | 35,453 |
| I-chlorine gas molecular weight; | Igesi ye-diatomic inesisindo samangqamuzana angama-70.906. |
| Ukuminyana kwegesi ye-chlorine (g/ml) | 1,56 |
| I-Punto de ebullición (ºC) | Indawo abilayo ye-chlorine ewuketshezi (umbala osagolide-ophuzi) ingu--34.7ºC ku-760 mm Hg (101.325 kilopascals). |
| Izici ze-Thermodynamic zegesi ye-chlorine | Izici ze-Thermodynamic zihlanganisa ukushisa kwe-sublimation, okuyi-7370 (+-) 10 cal/mol kokuthi KULUNGILE; ukushisa kwe-vaporization, 4878 (+-) 4 cal/mol; at -34.05ºC; ukushisa kwe-fusion, 1531 cal/mol; umthamo wokushisa, 7.99 cal/mol ku-1 atm (101.325 kilopascals) no-0ºC, kanye no-8.2 ku-100ºC. |
| I-Punto de fusion (ºC) | Futhi indawo yokuncibilika ye-chlorine eqinile ingu -100.98ºC. |
| I-Temperigesi ye-chlorine ukuphakama okubalulekile | I-144ºC |
| ingcindezi ebucayi | 76.1 atm (7.71 megapascals) |
| ivolumu ebalulekile | 1.745ml/g |
| Ukuminyana kwegesi ye-chlorine | 0.573 g / ml |
Igesi ye-chlorine yinto elula noma ehlanganisiwe
Ihlanganisa nezinsimbi, okungezona izinsimbi, nezinto eziphilayo ukuze kwakhiwe amakhulukhulu enhlanganisela.
Eminye imithombo yokukhishwa kwe-chlorine inomsuka wayo ku:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwephepha lapho lisetshenziswa khona ekuxubeni kwe-pulp, nakuba okwamanje livame ukushintshwa yi-chlorine dioxide, (ClO2).
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-vinyl chloride, i-organic compound esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni i-polyvinyl chloride, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PVC.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela eziningi ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic, isibonelo i-carbon tetrachloride, i-CCl4, noma i-chloroform, i-CHCl3, kanye nama-halide ensimbi ahlukahlukene.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-hydrogen chloride ehlanzekile; okwenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile, ngokusho kokusabela: H2 +Cl2 —- 2HCl.
i-sodium hypochlorite yedatha yedatha yokuphepha ye-insht
Ayini amakhadi e-International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
Amakhadi Okuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Amazwe Ngamazwe (i-ICSC), inguqulo yeSpanishi Yamakhadi Okuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Amazwe Ngamazwe (ama-ICSC), iqoqa ulwazi olubalulekile ngokuphepha nempilo yezinto zamakhemikhali eziqinisekiswe iqembu elisebenzayo lamazwe ngamazwe. Ama-ICSC awumkhiqizo ohlanganyelwe phakathi Kohlelo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Lokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali (i-IPCS), lapho Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba kanye neHhovisi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Labasebenzi, Ikhomishini YaseYurophu kanye nenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yezikhungo ezibamba iqhaza, okuhlanganisa ne-INSST.
Ishidi ledatha yokuphepha ye-sodium hypochlorite
Kamuva, sikushiyela isixhumanisi ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela isixhumanisi esisemthethweni se i-sodium hypochlorite yedatha yedatha yokuphepha ye-insht.
Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-chlorine
Igesi ye-chlorine yokwelapha amanzi
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi nge-sodium hypochlorite
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwawo okujwayelekile ukwelapha amanzi ukuze aphuzwe ngabantu, uma udaka lwawo seluphelile.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium hypochlorite yokuhlanza amanzi akukwazi ukudlula i-10%, futhi inani lomkhiqizo kufanele libe phakathi kuka-0.5 no-1 mg/l.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-sodium hypochlorite esetshenziswe kule nqubo ayiyona i-chlorine yokuhweba, ngoba lokhu kuqukethe eminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali engaba yingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Ukwengeza, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile kanye namanzi ezimboni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqeda iphunga elibi futhi ivimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane kanye ne-slime.
Ngokufanayo, iyingxenye ekahle ekwelapheni amanzi echibi lokubhukuda lapho isetshenziswa khona ekuhlanganisweni kwe-chlorine esebenzayo ecishe ibe ngu-12,5%, ngenxa yomthamo wayo we-oxidation. Ngakho-ke, ukusabalala kwezifo ezingasakazeka emanzini kugwenywa futhi ama-microorganisms akhona kuwo ayaqedwa.
Igesi ye-chlorine njengesibulala-magciwane echibini
I-sodium hypochlorite yamachibi okubhukuda
Ngokufanayo, iyingxenye ekahle ekwelapheni amanzi echibi lokubhukuda lapho isetshenziswa khona ekuhlanganisweni kwe-chlorine esebenzayo ecishe ibe ngu-12,5%, ngenxa yomthamo wayo we-oxidation. Ngakho-ke, ukusabalala kwezifo ezingasakazeka emanzini kugwenywa futhi ama-microorganisms akhona kuwo ayaqedwa.
ukusetshenziswa kwamazinyo sodium hypochlorite
ukusetshenziswa kwamazinyo sodium hypochlorite
I-sodium hypochlorite iphinde isetshenziswe ezixazululweni njenge-ejenti yokunisela kwezinye izinqubo zamazinyo njengoba isiza ukulwa nokutheleleka kwamagciwane, izinhlamvu, isikhunta kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ukuncibilikisa izicubu ezifile.
Izixazululo zalolu hlobo lokusetshenziswa zinezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-sodium hypochlorite futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokuphumelela kwazo kanye nenani eliphansi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nhlanganisela—ngokugxila okuncane—ibuye isetshenziswe emkhakheni wezempilo ukwelapha i-eczema.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hypochlorite kwezokwelapha
Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-chlorine kwezokwelapha
Ngokufanayo, kuwumkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu ekubulaleni amagciwane ezintweni zokuhlinza noma amathuluzi adinga izinga eliphezulu lokuvalwa inzalo.
I-sodium hypochlorite isetshenziswa embonini
I-gaseous chlorine yokuhlanza izindwangu nezindwangu
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-bleach noma i-sodium hypochlorite ukuguquguquka kwezindwangu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokufeza ukubukeka okugugile noma ukuguga ngokushesha. Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa ngezingubo zelineni, i-jean kanye nekotini.
Igesi ye-chlorine ibeka engcupheni ukuqhuma kwesicelo
igesi ye-chlorine isetshenziswa kanjani
| IZINGOZI | UKUVIMBELA | LWA NOMLILO | |
|---|---|---|---|
| UMLILO NOKUQHUBEKA | Ayishi kodwa isiza ukusha kwezinye izinto. Ukusabela okuningi kungabangela umlilo noma ukuqhuma. Ingozi yomlilo nokuqhuma. Bheka Izingozi Zamakhemikhali. | AKUKHO ukuthinta izinto ezivuthayo. Isistimu evaliwe, umoya omncane, izibani ezingaqhumi kanye nempahla kagesi. Ungavezi ukungqubuzana noma ukushaqeka. | Uma kuba nomlilo endaweni: sebenzisa indawo yokucima umlilo efanelekile. Uma kuba nomlilo: gcina izigubhu nokunye ukufaka kubanda ngokufafaza ngamanzi. Ukulwa nomlilo endaweni evikelekile |
Imiphumela ye-chlorine empilweni
Lapho Kwenzeka Ukuchayeka Kwe-Chlorine
Ukuchayeka kwe-chlorine kungenzeka endaweni yokusebenza noma endaweni ezungezile kusukela ekukhishweni emoyeni, emanzini, noma emhlabathini.
Abantu abasebenzisa i-bleach elondolo labo kanye namakhemikhali aqukethe i-chlorine ngokuvamile abavezwa ku-chlorine ngokwayo. I-chlorine ngokuvamile itholakala ezikhungweni zezimboni kuphela.
I-chlorine ingena emzimbeni ngokuphefumula umoya ongcolile noma ngokusetshenziswa ngokudla noma amanzi angcolile. Ayihlali emzimbeni ngenxa yokuphinda isebenze.
Imiphumela ye-chlorine empilweni yomuntu incike enanini le-chlorine ekhona, nesikhathi kanye nemvamisa yokuchayeka. Imiphumela ibuye incike empilweni yomuntu kanye nezimo zemvelo lapho ukuchayeka kwenzeka.
Izincomo mayelana ne-sodium hypochlorite
Yiziphi izincomo uhulumeni wobumbano azenzile ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi?
Uhulumeni wobumbano uthuthukisa imithetho nezincomo zokuvikela impilo yomphakathi.
Imithethonqubo ingaphoqelelwa ngumthetho. I-EPA, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), kanye ne-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngezinye zezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezakha imithethonqubo yezinto ezinobuthi. Izincomo zinikeza imiyalelo ebalulekile yokuvikela impilo yomphakathi, kodwa azikwazi ukuphoqelelwa umthetho. I-Ejensi Yezinto Ezinobuthi Nerejista Yezifo (ATSDR) kanye ne-CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) yizikhungo ezimbili zikahulumeni ezithuthukisa izincomo zezinto ezinobuthi.
Imithetho nezincomo zingavezwa “njengamazinga okungafanele eqiwe”, ngamanye amazwi, amazinga ento enobuthi emoyeni, emanzini, enhlabathini, noma ekudleni angeqi amazinga abalulekile ngokuvamile asekelwe kulokho okuthintayo. izilwane. Lawa mazinga abe eselungiswa ukuze kuvikelwe abantu. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa mazinga "okungamele adlulele" ahluke phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ngenxa yezikhathi ezihlukene zokuchayeka (usuku lwamahora angu-8 noma usuku lwamahora angu-24), ukusetshenziswa kwezifundo zezilwane ezahlukene, noma ezinye izici.
Izincomo nemithethonqubo ibuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba ulwazi olwengeziwe lutholakala. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva, hlola ne-Federal agency noma inhlangano ekukhiphayo.
Okulandelayo eminye imithetho nezincomo ze-chlorine:
| Amazinga asemoyeni asungulwa yi-EPA | I-EPA ibeke umkhawulo we-chlorine emoyeni ku-0.5 ppm. Ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu kungase kubangele ukungakhululeki nokucasuka. Ngokuya ngokugxilisa ingqondo, le miphumela ingase ibuyiseleke emuva lapho ukuchayeka kuphela. |
|---|---|
| I-OSHA Isungule Amazinga Omoya Omsebenzi | I-OSHA isethe umkhawulo osemthethweni ongu-1 ppm we-chlorine emoyeni. Leli zinga akufanele lidlulwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. |
| Amazinga emanzini okuphuza asungulwe yi-EPA | I-EPA isethe izinga eliphezulu lokungcola (MCL) kanye neleveli ephezulu yokubulala amagciwane (MRDL) engu-0.4 mg/L ye-chlorine yamahhala emanzini okuphuza. |
Imindeni ingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuchayeka ku-chlorine?
Yehlisa ingozi yokuchayeka ku-chlorine
| Ungaxubi i-bleach nezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ukuze uzihlanze | Uma i-bleach ixutshwe nolunye uketshezi lokuhlanza oluqukethe i-asidi, njengezihlanzi zezitsha zasendlini yangasese, igesi ye-chlorine ingaphuma. Ukuxuba i-bleach ne-ammonia nakho kukhiqiza amagesi anobuthi, njengama-chloramine. |
|---|---|
| Gcina amakhemikhali okusetshenziswa ekhaya endaweni lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona | Ukuze uvimbele ukungenwa ushevu ngengozi, hlala njalo ugcina amakhemikhali asendlini ezitsheni zawo zangempela, ezinelebula futhi endaweni lapho izingane zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona. Ungalokothi ugcine le mikhiqizo emaphaketheni alungele izingane, njengamabhodlela e-soda. |
| Landela imiyalelo yokubulala amagciwane emanzini echibi | Igesi ye-chlorine nayo ingakhululwa lapho izibulala-magciwane zamanzi echibini zisetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele. Uma unedamu lokubhukuda ekhaya, funda ngokucophelela ilebula emikhiqizweni yokufaka i-chlorine futhi ungavumeli izingane ukuthi zidlale ngale mikhiqizo. |
Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okubonisa ukuthi ngichayeke ku-chlorine?
Ukuhlolwa okukhona kokubonisa ukuthintana kwe-chlorine
| Akukho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-chlorine | Akukho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kutholwe ukuthi ingabe uke wachayeka ngokuqondile ku-chlorine. Emzimbeni, i-chlorine ishintshelwa ku-chloride, ingxenye yemvelo yomzimba. Ukuze kutholwe ukwanda okukhulu kwe-chloride egazini, umuntu kuzodingeka adle noma ahogele inani elikhulu le-chlorine. Lokhu kwenzeke ezimweni ezimbalwa zokungenisa amanani aphezulu kakhulu ezixazululo ze-hypochlorite; elinye lala macala kwaba yicala elibulalayo. |
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Izinga lengozi ye-gaseous chlorine
Umphumela wokuqala we-sodium hypochlorite
Igesi ye-chlorine iyadakisa
Ubuthi be-chlorine
ukudakwa nge Cloro kungabangela izimpawu ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba: kubangela noma kubangele ukuphefumula kanzima (ukuphefumula), ukuvuvukala komphimbo, i-pulmonary edema, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu noma ukushisa emakhaleni, amehlo, izindlebe, izindebe, noma ulimi, ithubhu lishisa ukugaya ukudla. , ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza
Ukuthintana kwamehlo: I-chlorine ewuketshezi noma eyigesi
Uma kugxilwe kakhulu kubangela ukungaboni kahle nokukhubazekile, ububomvu, ubuhlungu kanye nokusha kanzima kwezicubu ze-ocular, okubangela ubumpumputhe.
Ukuchayeka Okungapheli: Ukugcwala okuphansi kwegesi ye-chlorine emoyeni kukhiqiza ukukhanya
izimpawu ezicasulayo ngemva kwamahora okuchayeka.
Umphumela we-2 we-sodium hypochlorite
Ulwazi lwegesi ye-Chlorine: umkhiqizo osebenzayo
I-Chlorine iyigesi esebenza kakhulu.
Kuyisici esenzeka ngokwemvelo. Abathengi abakhulu be-chlorine yizinkampani ezikhiqiza i-ethylene dichloride nezinye izincibilikisi ezine-chlorine, izinhlaka ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ama-chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), kanye ne-propylene oxide. Izinkampani zamaphepha zisebenzisa i-chlorine ukwenza iphepha libe mhlophe. Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi namanzi angcolile zisebenzisa i-chlorine ukunciphisa amazinga ezinambuzane ezingasabalalisa izifo kubantu (ukubulala amagciwane).
Umphumela wokuqala we-sodium hypochlorite
ukuhogela igesi ye-chlorine
ukuhogela igesi ye-chlorine
:Igesi ye-chlorine iyacasula kakhulu ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwesistimu yokuphefumula, ibangele isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu nokuvinjelwa kwesimiso sezinzwa.
Emazingeni aphezulu, ukuphefumula kanzima kuyenyuka kuze kube sekufeni ngokuminyanisa noma inyumoniya yamakhemikhali.
Ukuphefumula inani elincane le-chlorine isikhathi esifushane kuthinta kabi isimiso sokuphefumula somuntu.
Imiphumela isukela ekukhwehleleni nasebuhlungu besifuba kuya ekugcineni amanzi emaphashini. I-chlorine ihlukumeza isikhumba, amehlo kanye nesistimu yokuphefumula.
Le miphumela cishe ayinakwenzeka emazingeni e-chlorine ngokuvamile atholakala emvelweni.
Imiphumela yempilo yomuntu ehlotshaniswa nokuphefumula noma ukudla amanani amancane e-chlorine isikhathi eside akwaziwa.
Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abasebenzi baba nemiphumela emibi lapho bechayeka ekuhogeleni okuphindaphindiwe kwe-chlorine, kodwa abanye abakwenzi.
Umphumela we-4 we-sodium hypochlorite
Ukucasuka kwegesi ye-chlorine lapho uthintana nesikhumba
I-gaseous chlorine ibangela ukucasuka kanye nokusha kwendawo.
Umphumela we-5 we-sodium hypochlorite
Ukungeniswa kwe-chlorine ewuketshezi akunakwenzeka
Igesi ye-chlorine iyahwamuka njengoba igama layo likhombisa igesi ngakho akwenzeki ukulidla. Ukuthintana nesikhumba:
Ngingachayeka kanjani ku-chlorine?
| Abantu abaningi ngeke bachayeke ku-chlorine | Ngenxa yokuthi i-chlorine iyasebenza kakhulu, ngokuvamile ayitholakali endaweni ezungezile ngaphandle kwamazinga aphansi kakhulu emoyeni wasolwandle. |
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| Ukuchayeka ngengozi ku-chlorine | Uma kuba nengozi, njengokuchitheka kwe-chlorine ewuketshezi, ukukhishwa kwe-chlorine ethangini, noma endaweni ekhiqiza noma esebenzisa i-chlorine, ungachayeka ku-chlorine ngokuphefumula umoya ongcolile noma ngokuthinta isikhumba noma amehlo nge-chlorine. .Ungachayeka ku-chlorine uma uxuba amakhemikhali asendlini, njenge-bleach kanye noketshezi olushaywayo lwasendlini yangasese.I-Hypochlorous acid isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi echibi lokubhukuda. Ungachayeka kugesi ye-chlorine uma usebenzisa la makhemikhali ngendlela engafanele. |
| umoya emsebenzini | Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa noma kukhiqizwa khona i-chlorine bangase bachayeke emazingeni aphansi e-chlorine ngesikhathi besemsebenzini Ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu kungenzeka ngesikhathi kukhishwa ngephutha inani elikhulu le-chlorine. |
Ingena kanjani i-chlorine futhi iphume emzimbeni?
| Igesi ye-chlorine ingena emzimbeni wakho kuphela uma uyiphefumula. | Igesi ye-chlorine ingangena emzimbeni wakho ngekhala noma ngomlomo wakho.Emazingeni aphansi (ngaphansi kuka-10 ppm), cishe yonke i-chlorine ikhishwa emoyeni emigwaqweni yomoya engaphezulu futhi inani elincane kakhulu lingafinyelela emigudwini yomoya.. amaphaphu.Uma uphuza. isisombululo se-hypochlorite, singasabela nge-asidi esiswini sakho ukwenza igesi ye-chlorine. |
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| Isabela ngokushesha namanye amakhemikhali | Igesi ye-chlorine iphendulana namanzi kumaseli atholakala ngaphezulu kwemigudu yomoya futhi yakhe ezinye izinhlanganisela ezibangela ukucasuka Iningi lalezi zinhlanganisela ekugcineni liguqulwa libe yi-chloride, ingxenye evamile yomzimba. |
I-chlorine ingathinta kanjani impilo yami?
Lesi sigaba sethula ulwazi mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona kubantu nasezilwaneni.
| Ukuchayeka kafushane kugesi ye-chlorine | Imiphumela elandelayo iye yabonwa kubantu abavezwe kafushane ku-chlorine: Ukucasuka kwekhala elincane ku-1-3 ppm Ukucasuka kwamehlo ku-5 ppm Ukucasuka komphimbo ku-5-15 ppm Ubuhlungu besifuba ngokushesha, ukuhlanza, iphethini yokuphefumula eshintshile, nokukhwehlela ekulimaleni kwe-30 ppmlung ( inyumoniya enobuthi) kanye ne-pulmonary edema (uketshezi olusemaphashini) ku-40–60 ppmdeath ngemva kwemizuzu engama-30 yokuchayeka ku-430 ppmdeath ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuchayeka ku-1,000 ppmLokhu kugxila kuyalinganiselwa; imiphumela iphinde incike esikhathini sokuchayeka. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanezimo ezifana ne-allergies noma i-hay fever, noma ababhema kakhulu, bavame ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunabantu abanempilo enhle noma abangabhemi. |
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| Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kugesi ye-chlorine | Ayikho imiphumela eyingozi eye yachazwa kubasebenzi abachayeka iminyaka ekugxiliseni okuphansi kwe-chlorine (cishe u-1 ppm) Ezilwaneni ezivezwe isikhathi eside, imiphumela ibonakala kakhulu ezicutshini ezingaphakathi kwekhala. |
| Ukuchayeka kafushane komlomo ngokumunca isixazululo se-hypochlorite | Ukuphuza inani elincane lesisombululo se-hypochlorite (ngaphansi kwenkomishi) kungabangela ukucasuka komminzo. Ukuphuza isixazululo se-hypochlorite esigxilile kungalimaza kakhulu ingxenye engenhla yomgudu wokugaya ukudla futhi kungabangela ukufa. Le miphumela cishe ibangelwa izici ezonakalisayo zesisombululo se-hypochlorite hhayi ukuchayeka ku-chlorine yamangqamuzana. |
| Ukuchayeka komlomo isikhathi eside ngokungenisa isixazululo se-hypochlorite | Alukho ulwazi mayelana nemiphumela yokudonsa isikhathi eside kwesisombululo se-hypochlorite kubantu. Ezilwaneni eziphuza isixazululo se-hypochlorite emanzini iminyaka engu-2, akukho miphumela ebalulekile eyabonwa. Inani le-hypochlorite emanzini izilwane eziwaphuzayo lalincane kakhulu kunalelo elitholakala oketshezini olumhlophe oluphuma endlini. |
| Ukuchayeka kwesikhumba kwisisombululo se-hypochlorite | Ukuchitheka kwesisombululo se-hypochlorite esikhumbeni kungabangela ukucasuka. Ubukhulu bemiphumela buncike ekugxilweni kwe-sodium hypochlorite ku-bleach. |
I-chlorine ingabathinta kanjani izingane?
Lesi sigaba sidingida imiphumela yezempilo engaba khona kubantu ebangelwa ukuchayeka kusukela ekukhulelweni kuya ekuvuthweni (iminyaka eyi-18).
| Imiphumela efanayo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kodwa izingane zingase zibe bucayi kakhulu | Ukuchayeka kafushane (imizuzu) ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-chlorine kuthinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo (isb, ukucasuka kolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula). Akwaziwa ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela engase yenzeke ezinganeni ezichayeka isikhathi eside (amasonto noma ngaphezulu) kumazinga aphansi e-chlorine, kodwa lolu hlobo lokuchayeka lwenzeka kubasebenzi kuphela futhi alusebenzi ezinganeni. Akwaziwa futhi ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela engase yenzeke ezinganeni ezivezwa isikhathi eside kumazinga aphansi esixazululo se-hypochlorite. |
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| Izinkinga zokuzala | Akwaziwa ukuthi ukuchayeka egesini ye-chlorine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungalimaza umbungu yini ngenxa yokuthi alukho ucwaningo lwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma izilwane ezichayeka egesini ye-chlorine. Ucwaningo lwamagundane achayeke kusixazululo se-hypochlorite ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa alutholanga ubufakazi bokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. ukuphazamiseka kwentuthuko enzalweni. Inani le-hypochlorite amagundane adliwe laliphezulu kakhulu kunalokho abantu abavame ukukusebenzisa emanzini okuphuza. |
Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-chlorine
Siyisebenziselani i-sodium hypochlorite?
Igesi ye-chlorine isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza nokubulala amagciwane emanzini.
I-Chlorine iyikhemikhali yezimboni ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukubulala amagciwane emanzini, nakuba i-chlorine ishintsha ngokushesha kwezinye izinto ekuqaleni kwenqubo.
Igesi ye-chlorine yokwenza amanzi aphuze
Igesi ye-chlorine yamanzi okuphuza
Ngokuvamile ukugxilan ye-sodium hypochlorite yokuhlanza amanzi ayikwazi ukudlula u-10%, futhi inani lomkhiqizo kufanele libe phakathi kuka-0.5 no-1 mg/l.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-sodium hypochlorite esetshenziswe kule nqubo ayiyona i-chlorine yokuhweba, ngoba lokhu kuqukethe eminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali engaba yingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi angcolile e-sodium hypochlorite
Ukwengeza, kufanelekile ukusho ephinde isetshenziselwe ukugeza indle namanzi ezimboni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqeda iphunga elibi futhi ivimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane kanye ne-slime.
Igesi ye-chlorine yamachibi okubhukuda
Ukuze uthole yonke imininingwane ye-swimming chlorine finyelela ikhasi lethu elinikezelwe Izimfihlo zokukhipha i-chlorine echibini lokubhukuda:
Yenziwa kanjani igesi ye-chlorine?
Ukukhiqiza i-sodium hypochlorite
Inqubo yokwenza i-sodium hypochlorite
Inqubo yokuqala ye-electrolytic yokukhiqizwa kwe-chlorine yayinelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1851 nguCharles Watt eGreat Britain. Ngo-1868, u-Henry Deacon wakhiqiza i-chlorine esuka ku-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-oxygen ku-400ºC (750ºF), esebenzisa i-copper chloride efakwe ku-pumice njengesisusa. Amaseli esimanje e-electrolytic cishe angahlala ahlukaniswa njengohlobo lwe-diaphragm kanye nohlobo lwe-mercury. Zombili zikhiqiza izinto eziyi-caustic (NaOH noma i-KOH), i-chlorine ne-hydrogen. Inqubomgomo yezomnotho yemboni ye-chlorine ne-alkali ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ukumaketha okulinganiselayo noma ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi kwe-caustic ne-chlorine ngezilinganiso ezitholwa ngazo inqubo yeseli ye-electrolytic.
Ukuthola igesi ye-chlorine
Ividiyo ukuthi igesi ye-chlorine yenziwa kanjani
Le vidiyo ibonisa indlela yokuthola igesi ye-chlorine ekuphenduleni phakathi kwe-manganese dioxide ne-hydrochloric acid.
Indlela yokwenza i-sodium hypochlorite eyenziwe ekhaya
Inqubo yokwenza i-sodium hypochlorite
I-sodium hypochlorite ingatholakala ngokuxuba i-chlorine nesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide endaweni enamanzi, kuye ngokusabela.
Njengamanje sithola i-sodium hypochlorite ngenqubo ye-electrolysis lapho izakhi ezinjengosawoti, amanzi kanye nethangi le-electrolytic zingenelela. Kuleli thangi kukhona isigxobo esihle nesinegethivu, isigxobo esihle sikhipha i-chlorine esimweni segesi esitholakala ukuze kwenziwe i-hypochlorite bese isigxobo esinegethivu sikhipha i-hydrogen egcina ilahliwe.
indlela yokwenza i-bleach eyenziwe ekhaya
Ividiyo ungayenza kanjani i-sodium hypochlorite
Ilungiswa kanjani i-sodium hypochlorite 13
I-sodium hypochlorite ku-13 indlela yokuyihlanza
Okulandelayo, kule vidiyo uzokwazi ifomula nokuthi wazi kanjani ukuthi i-hypochlorite yakho iyi-13% ngempela,
Igesi ye-chlorine lapho ungathenga khona
I-Chlorine iyikhemikhali yesibulala-magciwane esetshenziswa kakhulu emachibini okubhukuda.
I-Chlorine iyisanitizer ethandwa kakhulu echibini
I-Chlorine (Cl) ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ama-microorganisms angangena emanzini ethu.
Imikhiqizo ene-chlorine yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi ngamakhemikhali.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Chlorine emanzini Inhloso yokubulala amagciwane ukuqeda amagciwane e-pathogenic kanye nokuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwawo wonke amagciwane athathelwanayo (amagciwane noma amagciwane) emanzini. Imikhiqizo ene-chlorine yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ngamakhemikhali ngenxa yokungabi nacala kwayo kanye nokukhululeka kokulawula amazinga azo.
Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi kakade, i-chlorine iyisanitizer yasechibini edume kakhulu, kodwa ziningi ezinye izindlela zokuhlanza ezikhona njengamanje embonini ongazisebenzisa futhi ukugcina ichibi lakho lihlanzekile.
intengo yegesi ye-chlorine
i-sodium hypochlorite ukuthenga
Thenga igesi ye-chlorine
Olandelayo. Chofoza isixhumanisi futhi sizokuqondisa kabusha ekufakeni kwethu: I-sodium hypochlorite lapho ungathenga khona zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo
I-Automatic Floating Chlorine Dispenser yamachibi nama-Spa
Isikhiphi segesi se-chlorine esizenzakalelayo emachibini okubhukuda
Nikeza ngegesi ye-chlorine ezinzile echibini noma e-spa ukuze kugcinwe izinsalela ze-chlorine ezanele echibini.
Incazelo othomathikhi sodium hypochlorite dispenser for swimming pool
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo we-swimming pool chlorine dispenser
- Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: vele uvule isivalo, engeza amaphilisi e-chlorine kancane bese uwafaka echibini ngemuva kokulungisa okukhiphayo.
- 【I-Adjustable Flow Connection】: Izixhumi eziseceleni eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukulawula ukukhishwa kwe-chlorine. Ungakwazi ukulungisa ukugeleza kwemithi esimweni sangempela se-pool
- Kulula ukuntanta: Isikhiphi sethebhulethi ye-chlorine singantanta kalula endaweni yechibi ukuze sisabalalise i-chlorine ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine echibini lakho. Isivalo esikhiyayo sigcina amaphilisi e-chlorine evikelekile ukuze kube nesipiliyoni esiphephile, esijabulisa kakhudlwana
- Ikhwalithi ephezulu: Yenziwe ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu, ephephile, enempilo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ingasetshenziswa kabusha
- Isigcawu esisebenzayo: Singasetshenziswa ku-swimming pool yakho, epaki lamanzi noma e-spa, ikunike ulwazi olungcono emanzini.
Sisebenza kanjani isikhiphi se-chlorine esintantayo?
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chlorine dispenser entantayo
I-chlorine gas dosing system kumachibi okubhukuda
Izingxenye ezidingekayo zomshini wokukhipha igesi ye-chlorine kumachibi okubhukuda
Izingxenye eziyingxenye yalolu hlobo lwesistimu yokudosa amachibi okubhukuda ziyaboniswa.
i-chlorine gas dispenser
Thenga i-sodium hypochlorite dispenser
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I-DULCO gaseous chlorine dosing systems®Hewu
Indlela i-DULCO sodium hypochlorite system isebenza ngayo®Hewu
Kuhlelo lokudosa lwe-DULCO®Igesi ye-Vaq chlorine isetshenziswa ngokuphephile ngaphansi kwe-vacuum.
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Inkambu yesicelo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
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Izinzuzo Key DULCO Sodium Hypochlorite System®Hewu
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Thenga i-chlorine gas dosing system
Thenga idivayisi ye-sodium hypochlorite DULCO®Hewu
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Umkhiqizo wokuqala we-DULCO sodium hypochlorite system®Hewu
Isilawuli se-vacuum segesi ye-chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Isilawuli se-vacuum yezimpawu ze-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Amandla: kufika ku-200kg/h
I-DULCO vacuum regulator®I-Vaq CGVa ithatha igesi ye-chlorine ngokonga nangempumelelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme njenge-tantalum nesiliva kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Isilawuli Se-vacuum se-Chlorine Gas DULCO®Hewu
- Ukuphepha okuphezulu sibonga isistimu ye-vacuum ebalulekile
- Ukuphepha okuphezulu nokusebenza okuthembekile ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-tantalum nesiliva
- Izingxenye kanye izesekeli ingashintshwa ukuze nomunye
- I-ventilation yokuphepha ehlanganisiwe
2nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
I-valve elawulayo ene-motor ye-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Izici I-valve elawulayo enezithuthuthu ye-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Amandla: 12g/h kuya ku-15kg/h
Ivalvu elawulayo enenjini ye-DULCO®I-Vaq PM 3531 inesibopho sokulawula nge-elekthronikhi isilinganiso esinembile sokugeleza kwegesi ye-chlorine. Ukuziphatha komugqa wokulawula kuqinisekiswa yi-motor ye-stepper elawulwa ngaphandle.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile Ivalvu elawulayo enezithuthuthu yegesi ye-chlorine DULCO®Hewu
- Impatho yokulawula yomugqa ukuze uthole umthamo onembile
- Imisebenzi eminingi yokulawula nolwazi
- Imodi yokusebenza ezenzakalelayo neyemanuwali
- Iyalinganiseka
- Ukuvalwa kokuphepha okuzenzakalelayo
- Kulula ukulawula, isibonelo nge-DULCOMARIN® noma Isilawuli se-DACb
Umkhiqizo wokuqala we-DULCO sodium hypochlorite system®Hewu
Isikhethi sevacuum se-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Izici Isikhethi se-vacuum se-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Amandla: 12g/h kuya ku-120kg/h
Izikhethi ze-vacuum ze-DULCO®I-Vaq PM 400 kanye ne-440 zishintshela kwesinye seziqukathi ezimbili zegesi ye-chlorine ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuthembekile. Ngale ndlela benza kube lula ukutholakala kwegesi ye-chlorine ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma esinye seziqukathi singenalutho.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile Isikhethi se-vacuum se-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
- Ukushintshaniswa okuzenzakalelayo kwemithombo yegesi ye-chlorine
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-vacuum kuphela ngaphandle kwamandla asizayo angaphandle
- Ukufakwa okulula nokusetshenziswa
4nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
Umjovo wegesi ye-chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Izakhiwo zomjovo ze-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Amandla: 12g/h kuya ku-200kg/h
I-DULCO uchungechunge lwe-chlorine gas injection®I-Vaq yenza i-vacuum ezinzile ngisho nasezingcindezini eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Amandla womjovo we-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
- Indlela ephephile yokwenza i-vacuum
- Kufika ku-40 bar back pressure
- I-valve yokuhlola ehlanganisiwe
- Amathuba ahlukahlukene wokukhweza
- Umklamo oqinile
Isaziso: Ukuze ukhethe ipompo yamanzi eyisisusa esifanele, amajika okufaka injector ayatholakala kuwo wonke amamodeli.
5nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
Idivayisi yokudosa okuzenzakalelayo yegesi ye-chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Okukhethekile Umshini wokudosa okuzenzakalelayo wegesi ye-chlorine i-DULCO®Hewu
Umthamo: 12g/h – 15kg/h
Idivayisi yokudosa igesi ye-DULCO chlorine®Uhlobo lwe-Vaq lwe-PM 3610 C luqinisekisa ukuthakwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-chlorine yegesi. Ukuphatha okulula kuvumela ukuphepha okuphezulu nokunemba ngokuya ngezindinganiso zamanje zobuchwepheshe, ngokuya ngenkambiso ye-DIN.
Izinzuzo Idivayisi yokudosa okuzenzakalelayo yegesi ye-chlorine DULCO®Hewu
- I-automatic chlorine gas dosing
- Plug and Play
- Ngokusho kwe-DIN 19606
- Ibhodi Elikhweziwe Uhlelo
- I-valve yokulawula enezimoto enezinketho ezahlukene zokulawula
- ikhava esebenzayo
6nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
Isistimu yokuvala okuphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo kwegesi ye-chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Ubunye Uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokunqamula oluphuthumayo lwe-chlorine yegesi
Ukuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamavalvu egesi ye-chlorine ngemizuzwana.
Isistimu yokuvala izimo eziphuthumayo kagesi yokunqanyulwa kwegesi ye-chlorine kwandisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nemishini. Iyunithi yokulawula edidiyelwe kanye nesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla engaphazamiseki iwanqamule ngokuthembekile amavalvu egesi ye-chlorine esimweni esiphuthumayo, ngisho nalapho kuba khona ukuphelelwa amandla.
Izinzuzo Uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokuvala oluphuthumayo lwegesi ye-chlorine
- Vala ngqo ku-valve
- Esimeni esiphuthumayo, ivala noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-valve yegesi ye-chlorine ngemizuzwana nje
- Ukusebenza kukagesi okusekelwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki (UPS)
- Isikhathi se-torque esilungisekayo sokuvalwa okuvikelekile
- Inketho yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezikhona zegesi ye-chlorine
- Ukuhlanganiswa okulula, okungasebenzisi amathuluzi kanye nokuqaqa lapho ushintsha isiqukathi
7nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
I-Evaporator ye-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
I-Evaporator ye-Gaseous chlorine
Ibanga lomthamo 50 – 200 kg/h
I-evaporator EMNANDI®Uhlobo lwe-Vaq PM3100C luphephile futhi luthembekile ekufakweni kwe-chlorine ewuketshezi ekufakweni okukhulu kwe-chlorine.
I-Prerogatives Evaporator ye-chlorine enegesi
- Ukuphathwa okuphephile kwenani elikhulu le-chlorine
- I-evaporator yamanzi ethembekile
- Ukufakwa okulula
- Impilo ende yesevisi ngenxa yokuvikela ukugqwala kwe-cathodic
- Izinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalelayo
- Umklamo oqinile
8nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
I-Neutralizer ye-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Izimfanelo Neutralizer for gaseous chlorine
Ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-50 - 500 kg ye-chlorine yegesi
Uma kwenzeka i-alamu, i-DULCO neutralizer®I-Vaq imunca igesi ye-chlorine ephume nomoya osegumbini legesi ye-chlorine futhi iwunqande ngokuphephile.
Izinzuzo Neutralizer for gaseous chlorine
- Ishintsha igesi ye-chlorine esimweni lapho kuvuza khona
- Isivele yenza i-99,9% ingasebenzi empompini yejethi yamanzi
- Ukuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini
- ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo
- Ukusingathwa okulula nokugcinwa
9nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
Isikhethi sokucindezela se-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Okukhethekile Isikhethi sokucindezela se-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
Amandla afinyelela ku-200 kg/h
Isikhethi sokucindezela kwe-DULCO®I-Vaq yohlobo lwe-PM 481 yokunikezwa okungaphazamiseki kwe-gaseous chlorine enemithamo ephezulu yokudosa.
Izinzuzo zesikhethi sokucindezela se-gaseous chlorine DULCO®Hewu
- Ukuphatha okuphephile sibonga ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nokuqapha ingcindezi
- Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo sibonga ukunikezwa kwe-chlorine okungaphazamiseki
- Ukuphathwa okulula
- Ukuxhumeka okulula sibonga isilawulikude esihlinzekiwe
10nd Umkhiqizo DULCO sodium hypochlorite uhlelo®Hewu
I-DULCO chlorine gas dosing device®Hewu
I-Distinctives DULCO gaseous chlorine dosing device®Hewu
Umthamo: 20 – 200kg/h
EMNANDI®Uhlobo lwe-Vaq lwe-PMR540 kanye no-550C: amasistimu anamandla azimele omthamo wegesi onembile ekuhlanzeni amanzi.
Ifaka i-DULCO igesi ye-chlorine dosing device®Hewu
- Ukuzinza okuphezulu sibonga igobolondo le-GRP elinohlaka oluqinisiwe
- Ukulawula ukusebenza okuqondile ngenkomba ye-vacuum
- Ukuphepha okwengeziwe sibonga i-vacuum return valve
- Sibonga ngokunembile esilungiseka ku-flowmeter eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
- Izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela sibonga ivalvu elawulayo enenjini
Ukufakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwamaphilisi e-chlorine amachibi okubhukuda
Ukugcina amanzi echibini ehlanzekile futhi esesimweni sokuhlanzeka okufanele, umthamo ofanele wemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ubalulekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zama-sodium hypochlorite dispensers:
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-sodium hypochlorite dispensers: amaphampu okudosa oketshezi
- (isb. I-pHUketshezi oluncane lokulawula inani le-pH izibulala-magciwane eziwuketshezi njenge-sodium hypochlorite noma i-Oxy-Active Liquid)
Imodeli yesibili ye-sodium hypochlorite dispensers kanye namathebulethi
- (isb. I-Trichlor Compacts, i-Bromine Tablets). Ngokuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe kokulinganisa nobuchwepheshe bokulawula obufana ne-Poolwatch noma okokusebenza kwe-Controller, singakwazi ukukushintsha ngokuphelele ukungezwa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali emanzini ephuli.
Izici ze-chlorine dispenser
Imininingwane ye-chlorine dispenser
• Ukusebenza okulula nokuphephile.
• Zijwayelana nanoma yiliphi i-pool noma i-spa.
• Kuyalungiseka kuye ngobukhulu bechibi.
• Ukufakwa kalula ku-inthanethi noma ngokudlula.
• Ukunakekela okuncane.
• Awawudingi umsinga kagesi.
• Yenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana ne-chlorine ne-bromine.
• I-Anticorrosive.
Umgomo wokusebenza we-chlorinator/brominator
Imishini yokukhipha ithebhulethi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-Compact Trichlor kanye ne-Bromine Tablet ngendlela eqhubekayo, kuzuzwe ukukhishwa kwamagciwane okulungile kwamanzi.
Ukusebenza kwayo kulula kakhulu: i-chlorinator / brominator igcwele amaphilisi okumele afakwe umthamo futhi i-valve yokungena iyalungiswa kuze kube yilapho ukugxila okufunayo kwe-chlorine noma i-bromine emanzini kufinyelelwa futhi kugcinwe.
Operation Automatic pool chlorine dispenser
Izincomo ze-sodium hypochlorite dispenser
Iziphakamiso zokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hypochlorite dispenser
• Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenzisa isikhithi sethebhulethi, funda ngokucophelela Incwadi Yeziqondiso.
• Asebenza kuphela ngamaphilisi e-chlorine ne-bromine ancibilika kancane (i-Trichlorine ne-Bromine Compacts kumaThebulethi). Ungalokothi usebenzise noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lomkhiqizo wamakhemikhali kusikhiphi (ungalokothi ube yimpushana, ama-granules noma imikhiqizo encibilika ngokushesha).
• Ubusika: Ezimeni zokungasebenzi isikhathi eside, hlala uthulula i-dispenser futhi ukhiphe umthwalo ngaphakathi.
• Qaphela ukuvula i-dispenser: landela imiyalelo ngqo. Nqamula iphampu. Vikela izandla namehlo akho futhi ungaphefumuli amagesi avela ku-dispenser!
• Ukuze uthole izinga lokugeleza elikahle sincoma ukukala inani eliyinsalela le-chlorine yamahhala noma i-bromine emanzini ngama-Test Strips ane-Comparator (indlela ye-DPD) noma i-Pooltester (indlela ye-DPD)
Usizo uma kuchitheka igesi ye-chlorine
Usizo lokuvuza kwegesi ye-chlorine
Ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwegesi ye-chlorine
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela amabhamuza amakhulu esikhumbeni, kubangele i-edema yamaphaphu futhi, nakuba amathuba ephansi kakhulu, kunezimo zokufa. Uma kwenzeka lezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe futhi welashwe.
Okufanele ukwenze uma uhogela igesi ye-chlorine
Kulezi zimo, umuntu ongcolile kufanele asuswe ngokushesha endaweni yokuchayeka, abekwe endaweni lapho ikhanda namahlombe akhe ahlala ephakanyisiwe. Uma ubona ukuphefumula okunzima, kufanele uphefumule okwenziwayo, uma kungenzeka nikeza umoya-mpilo ngokushesha noma ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Shayela i-ambulensi noma uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Okufanele ukwenze lapho i-sodium hypochlorite ihlangana namehlo
Amehlo kufanele agezwe ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu engu-15, emva kwemizuzu embalwa uphinde inqubo futhi. Shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka noma uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiseduze.
Lapho kukhona ukuxhumana kwegesi ye-chlorine nesikhumba
Umuntu onalesi sifo kufanele akhumule izingubo zakhe ngokushesha aye eshaweni ukuze ageze wonke umzimba wakhe ngamanzi amaningi. Sebenzisa insipho imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokudlala ngamanzi.
Phuma uma kwenzeka weqa
Uma kusolwa ukuvuza, abasebenzi abasebenza endaweni okuchayeke kuyo kufanele bakhishwe futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokubona nokuvala ukuvuza. Ukugcina amasheke njalo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema izingozi. Sebenzisa zonke izimiso zokuphepha futhi uqeqeshe abasebenzi bakho ukuze baqinisekise ubuqotho babo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kokuvuza kwegesi ye-chlorine okusolakala ukuthi
Ukulingiswa kwevidiyo kokuvuza kwegesi ye-chlorine endaweni yokuhlanza amanzi
Indlela yokunciphisa igesi ye-chlorine
I-Chlorine Gas Neutralization
Indlela Yokunciphisa Igesi Ye-Chlorine
Esimeni lapho igesi ye-chlorine iphuma emathangeni okugcina, ezigubhu, amabhodlela egesi ye-chlorine noma okokufaka kwe-chlorine, i-alamu yesisetshenziswa esiyisixwayiso sokuvuza kwe-chlorine iyacushwa futhi ngokushesha nangokuzenzakalelayo okokusebenza kuyenziwa kungasebenzi.I-GAS-CHLORINE yokuhlanza i-Likusta. Igesi yokukhipha umoya ithwalwa yisiphepheli sepulasitiki esingazwani namakhemikhali esisuka ku-Likusta countercurrent fill material scrubber kanye ne-neutheral countercurrent enoketshezi lokuhlanza, ngokuvamile i-caustic soda. Ukushisa okusebenzayo okukhishwe ngesikhathi sokugeza kwamakhemikhali kudonswa uketshezi lokuhlanza.
Ungakuqukatha kanjani ukuvuza kwegesi ye-chlorine?
Ukuqonda Ukuvuza Kwegesi Ye-Chlorine
Elinye lamathuluzi asemqoka okungabalwa kuwo ohlelweni lwegesi ye-chlorine yi- i-chlorine gas neutralization tower noma obiziwe futhi SCRUBBER, lolu hlelo luvumela ukubhekelela isimo esiphuthumayo sokuvuza okunikezwa amasilinda amathani noma amasilinda angama-68kg, okuthi kusetshenziswa isistimu yokukhipha igesi imunce igesi ye-chlorine, iyenze idlule endaweni eyomile noma enomswakama engathathi hlangothi, ekhiqiza ukusabela okuvumela ukukhipha igesi. ngobuningi obungenabo ubuthi emvelweni, kanye nemikhiqizo etholakalayo efana ne-hypochlorite nosawoti, otholakala kalula.
Kuyini ukugeza kwegesi ye-chlorine noma i-Scrubber
Amasistimu okukhuhla ayiqembu elihlukahlukene lamadivayisi okulawula ukungcoliswa komoya angasetshenziswa ukususa ama-particle kanye/noma ukukhipha amagesi emifudlaneni yezimboni. Ngokwesiko, igama elithi "ukukhuhla" libhekise kumadivayisi okulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo asebenzisa uketshezi ukugeza ukungcola okungafuneki kusuka kumfudlana wegesi. Muva nje, leli gama liphinde lisetshenziswe ukuchaza amasistimu ajova i-reagent eyomile noma i-slurry emfudlaneni ongcolile ukuze "ugeze" amagesi e-asidi. Ama-scrubber angenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezilawula ukukhishwa kwegesi, amagesi, ikakhulukazi i-asidi. Ama-scrubber angasetshenziswa futhi ekubuyiseleni ukushisa okuvela kumagesi ashisayo nge-flue gas condensation.
Ukusebenza kombhoshongo wokuwasha igesi ye-chlorine
Ukuze ukususwa kwegesi kuqedwe, uhlelo kufanele lwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ukudluliswa kwenqwaba kusuka esigabeni segesi kuya esigabeni se-liquid kube okuphezulu:
- Ukungcola kanye noketshezi kufanele kuhambisane, okungukuthi, ukuncibilika kwangaphambili ekugcineni kufanele kube phezulu ngokwanele.
- Indawo yokuxhumana kufanele ibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze kungabikho umkhawulo wokudluliselwa kokungcola oketshezini olumuncayo.
- Ukuthintana kokungcola okukhona ekugelezeni kwegesi noketshezi kuncike ohlotsheni lwekholomu yokumuncwa.
Ukudlula embhoshongweni wokuwasha, umoya ongcolile ugezwa ngesivinini esiphansi ngaphakathi kwendawo enkulu yokuxhumana.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulungile lokumunca phakathi nale nqubo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okukhulu kwegesi/uketshezi. Uma usuhlanziwe, umoya uya esigabeni esilandelayo noma udedelwa ngqo emkhathini.
1. Umoya udlula kukholomu ehlangene endaweni enkulu yokuxhumana.
2. Isixazululo sokugeza sifuthwa ngokuqhubekayo yiphampu ye-centrifugal ngemibhobho futhi ishintshwe ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba kudingwa yi-ARRS.
3. I-Automatic Water Fill System (AWRS) iqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokusebenza loketshezi liyagcinwa.
4. Isisekelo sekholomu ithangi lesisombululo sokugeza.
Izihlikihla zegesi
Incazelo yevidiyo I-Scrubber ukuze unciphise indawo yokubhukuda yegesi ye-chlorine
Lezi zinhlelo zokuwasha kanye/noma zokungathathi hlangothi zingahambisana nezinsimbi eziholela ekuphepheni kwesistimu.
a, uhlobo kanye nenani lezinsimbi lizoncika ezimweni zokufakwa, kanye nezinga lokuzishintsha elidingekayo, isibonelo okokusebenza kungafakwa okuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo amavalvu angamasilinda, lapho zithola isignali ekhishwa yizithonjana ezivuzayo ezifakiwe emakamelweni e-chlorine. , ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa izici zokuphepha zezindawo ezisengozini.
I-Los Imibhoshongo ye-Scrubber noma yokungathathi hlangothi, ezaziwa nangokuthi umbhoshongo wokuwasha Zingaphathwa nge-neutralizer emanzi noma i-neutraizer eyomile.Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa umbhoshongo owomile kulula ukulahla umkhiqizo uma isimo esiphuthumayo senzeke futhi kunengozi encane kubasebenzi abasebenzayo, njengoba umbhoshongo omanzi kufanele ube nawo. i-caustic soda ephakathi kuka-25% no-30%, engadala ubungozi obukhulu, ukuba yikhemikhali
Isixazululo sokuhlanza ukuze unciphise igesi ye-chlorine
Imishini ingaklanywa ngesigaba esisodwa, ezimbili noma zonke ezintathu ezilandelayo zokuwasha. I-3SCR iyisistimu yokususa yokukhuhla enezigaba ezintathu yokusakaza okunokungcola okuningi.
- I-Acid: Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kwe-alkaline, ikakhulukazi i-ammonia. Izixazululo ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-sulfuric acid ne-hydrochloric acid.
- Okuyisisekelo: Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kwe-asidi, njenge-sulfuric, i-hydrochloric, i-nitric, i-hydrofluoric noma i-hydrobromic acid. I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kakhulu.
- I-oxidant: Eyokukhipha iphunga kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Ikakhulukazi i-sodium hypochlorite noma i-peroxides isetshenziswa.
noma enolaka; nokho izindleko zokuqala zokutshala umbhoshongo owomile ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka kokufaka uhlelo lwalesi sitayela ukuze kuncishiswe igesi ye-chlorine
, evumela ukuthi kuqinisekiswe indawo evikelekile, lapho kunabantu abaningi abaseduze abangase bathinteke esimweni esiphuthumayo ngaleli khemikhali, kucatshangelwa zonke izincomo zokuphepha, ukulawula, ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwezinhlelo, kuzoqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele zonke izakhi, futhi kuzovumela, ukunikeza ukwelashwa okuphelele emanzini noma inqubo lapho asetshenziswa khona.
Igesi ye-chlorine njengesikhali samakhemikhali
igesi ye-chlorine impi yezwe i
Izikhali zamakhemikhali ngeMpi Yezwe I
IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ifana nemisele kanye nezikhali zamakhemikhali. Zasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, ngemva kokungeniswa kwazo empini ngamabutho aseJalimane ngo-1915.
Iliphi izwe elasebenzisa i-chlorine eMpini Yezwe I?
Abokuqala abayisebenzisa ekulweni kwakungamaJalimane. NgoDisemba 19, 1915, amasilinda ayi-4.000 alayishwe u-75% Cloro futhi u-25% we-phosgene wasetshenziswa ngokumelene namaNgisi e-Wieltje, e-Belgium, okubangele ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane, abangu-120 babo babulala.
igesi ye-chlorine njengesikhali
NgoJanuwari 1915, UFritz Haber uthole ukugunyazwa kokutadisha ukuhlaselwa nge-chlorine. Ithimba lakhe, ngokubambisana nezinkampani zamakhemikhali ezintathu ezinkulu zaseJalimane zangaleso sikhathi (i-BASF, i-Hoechst ne-Bayer) kanye nabanye ososayensi abadumile, abafana no-Otto Hahn, u-James Franck kanye no-Gustav Hertz, baqala ukusebenza ukuklama izikhali zamakhemikhali.
Igesi ye-chlorine njengesikhali esiminyanisa amakhemikhali
Esokuqala kwakuyigesi ye-chlorine esebenza njenge-ejenti encisha umoya.
Yaklanywa kakhulu njengesikhali esikhubazayo kunesibulalayo, nakuba ingazange ihluleke ukukhiqiza ukufa kwabantu abaningi.
AmaJalimane ayesebenzise isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi ngo-1914, kodwa i-chlorine yaqala ukukhishwa eYpres ngo-April 16, 1915.
Phakathi nokuhlasela kokuqala okuhlanganisiwe kwe-chlorine/phosgene okwenziwa amaJalimane, kwethulwa ngokumelene namasosha aseBrithani e-Nieltje, eduze kwaseYpres, eBelgium, ngo-December 19, 1915, kwakhululwa amathani angu-88 egesi emigqonyeni, okwabangela ukufa kwabantu abangu-1.069 nokufa kwabantu abangu-120.
Naphezu kokulula kwayo, umphumela wayo wawumkhulu kakhulu ngoba wawuyisikhali esisha ngokuphelele.
igesi ye-chlorine impi yaseSiriya
Ukungqubuzana kwegesi ye-chlorine yaseSiriya
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izingxabano zaseSyria zilotshwe kakhulu emlandweni, nobufakazi bokusetshenziswa ngesihluku kwezikhali zamakhemikhali kanye namabhomu ahlangene ngokumelene nezakhamuzi, le mibhalo yemibhalo ayizange iphumelele ekwenzeni umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ngokumelene nalokhu kuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. .abantu
Ngokulandelayo, ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko esihlokweni esilandelayo: I-YouTube ne-Twitter, izikhulumi zempi yaseSyria i-UN engazinakanga
Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngokungakhethi kwezakhamuzi ngegesi ye-chlorine empini yaseSyria
Kodwa manje, odokotela bamtshela lokho amabhomu akamuva akhiphe amafu anobuthi egesi ye-chlorine.
Igesi ye-chlorine yayingavamile ukusetshenziswa njengesikhali kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I. futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo eSyria kwakuwukwephulwa okukhulu kwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.
Igesi ye-chlorine yevidiyo njengesikhali samakhemikhali
Kule vidiyo ngizochaza ukwakheka okuncane kwegesi ye-chlorine esetshenziswa ezingxabanweni ezihlomile, konke engikufundisayo okokusetshenziswa kwesayensi futhi ngaphandle kwenhloso yokulimaza abanye.
I-mustard gas ne-chlorine: isikhali samakhemikhali
I-mustard gas yayiyi-protagonist enkulu yempi yokuqala yamakhemikhali emlandweni
Igesi elidume kabi nelisebenza ngempumelelo eMpini Yezwe I kwakuyigesi yesinaphi,
i-vesicant eyethulwa amaJalimane ngoJulayi 1917 ngaphambi kweMpi Yesithathu yaseYpres. Waziwa kumaBritish ngokuthi HS (o Izinto ze-Hun), igesi yesinaphi yayingahloselwe ukuba ibe into ebulalayo (nakuba yayisezingeni eliphezulu), kodwa yayiklanyelwe ukuhlukumeza nokukhubaza isitha nokungcolisa inkundla yempi. Yayidutshulwa ngaphakathi kwamagobolondo ezikhali, futhi yayisinda kunomoya. Yahlala phansi isesimweni soketshezi olufana ne-sherry, futhi yahwamuka kancane kancane ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhanya kwelanga.
Imiphumela yegesi yesinaphi emzimbeni womuntu
Igesi ye-chlorine phosgene
Igesi enobuthi ye-chlorine ne-carbon dioxide
Igesi ye-chlorine osgene yayinobuthi kakhulu kune-chlorine futhi izimpawu zayo zithathe amahora ambalwa ukuze zibonakale.
I-chlorine gas Phosgene: Bekuyi-ejenti esetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka komlilo.
Inobuthi obuningi kune-chlorine, yaba nokubambezeleka kwamahora ambalwa kusukela ngesikhathi isisulu sivezwa ngaso. kuze kuvele izimpawu zokuqala. Abalwi bebengazi ukuthi badakiwe.
Abokuqala ukusebenzisa igesi ye-chlorine phosgene ekulweni kwakungamaJalimane.
NgoDisemba 19, 1915, amasilinda angu-4.000 agcwele i-chlorine engu-75% kanye ne-phosgene engu-25%. asetshenziswa ngokumelene namaNgisi eWieltje, eBelgium, abangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane, abangu-120 kubo bafa. Kuthathe izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuthi amadlelandawonye aphendule esebenzisa amasilinda alayishwe ingxube engu-50% ye-chlorine ne-phosgene, ebhapathizwa ngegama elithi "inkanyezi emhlophe".
Iyini igesi ye-chlorine phosgene
ubuthi be-phosgene
Izikhali zamakhemikhali egesi ye-chlorine eMpini Yezwe I
Izikhali zamakhemikhali e-sodium hypochlorite eMpini Yezwe I
Izindaba zokugetshengwa kwesilinda segesi ye-chlorine e-Chihuahua
igesi ye-chlorine ye-chihuahua
Kwebiwe kuphi isilinda segesi ye-chlorine e-Chihuahua?
Ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe i Ibhodi likaMasipala laManzi nokuThuthwa kweNdle (I-JMAS) Chihuahua, lesi sigameko senzeke ntambama ngalo uLwesibili, mhla zingama-27 kuNtulikazi, ngesikhathi abantu abangaziwa becekela phansi umthombo osemgwaqeni. I-Punta Oriente colony, ekwandiseni i-R. Almada kanye ne-Paseos del Sol avenue, futhi yeba i-cylinder yegesi ye-chlorine.
Yiziphi izifundazwe ezaxwayiswa?
ngenxa yobusela, Ukuvikelwa komphakathi yamemezela ukuthi izifundazwe Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa y Sonora uthole isexwayiso sokuqaphela noma yikuphi ukudidayo okuhlobene naleli cala.
Umthombo wolwazi: https://www.unotv.com/nacional/chihuahua-roban-cilindro-de-gas-cloro-hay-alerta-en-cinco-estados/
Ukwebiwa kwesilinda segesi ye-chlorine e-Chihuahua ngoJuni 2021
Ithangi legesi le-chlorine elintshontshiwe litholwe e-Chihuahua
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2021 eChihuahua, ngaphansi kophenyo olwenziwa yi-Investigation Unit ngecala Lokweba Ihhovisi Lomshushisi Wesifunda Esimaphakathi, bekungenzeka ukuthi kutholwe ithangi legesi ye-chlorine, esanda kwebiwa ezikhungweni zeBhodi Likamasipala Lamanzi. kanye Nokuthuthwa Kwendle (JMAS).
Ekugcineni, ithangi legesi le-chlorine latholakala ebhizinisini lokudayiswa kwezinto ezitholakala ku-Punta Armera street endaweni yasePunta Oriente, ukuqhubeka nokulivikela ngosizo lwabasebenzi abakhethekile be-JMAS ukuze baphathe.