Index ea litaba tsa maqephe
En Ok Letamo Phetoho le ka hare ho Phekolo ea metsi ea letamo la ho sesa Re u siea sehlooho sena mabapi le Ke li-membrane life tsa reverse osmosis tseo ke lokelang ho li reka?
Phekolo ea metsi ea reverse osmosis ke eng?
- Reverse osmosis e 'nile ea nkoa e le mofuta o tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa oa ho hloekisa oo motho a o qapileng ho hloekisa metsi, ho sebelisoa li-membrane, moo metsi a hloekileng a ka arohanngoang le litšila tse sa feleng tse kang libaktheria, likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le letsoai ntle le ho sebelisa leha e le efe. mofuta oa lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale.
- E tlameha ho nahanoa hore ke metsi feela a fetang ka har'a lera le nang le semi-permeable, hobane limolek'hule tsa eona li nyane haholo, ha limolek'hule tse kholo li lula li tsitsitse lera, li fumana metsi a hloekileng ka ho feletseng.
Ke eng e fetolang li-membrane tsa osmosis bakeng sa matamo a ho sesa ho reka
Ke lintlha life tse lokelang ho etsoa ka boomo ha u reka lera la osmosis?
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho khetha lesela le nepahetseng la osmosis bakeng sa letamo la hau, ho na le lintho tse 'maloa tseo u lokelang ho li hopola.
Ea pele ke boholo ba letamo la hau.
- Haeba u na le letamo le lenyenyane, mohlomong ha u hloke lera la osmosis le theko e boima. Empa haeba u na le letamo le leholo, ka sebele u tla hloka e tšoarellang 'me e ka mamella lik'hemik'hale tse thata tse sebelisoang ho hloekisa letamo la hau. U ka fumana li-membrane tsena mabenkeleng a mangata a thepa ea letamo. Etsa bonnete ba hore o fumana e lumellanang le mohlala oa hau oa letamo.
Ntho e latelang eo u lokelang ho e nahana ke mofuta oa metsi ao u nang le 'ona ka letamo la hau.
- Haeba u na le metsi a thata, u tla hloka mofuta o fapaneng oa lera ho feta ha u e-na le metsi a bonolo. Metsi a thata a ka senya lera, kahoo ho bohlokoa ho fumana e etselitsoeng morero oo. Ho boetse ho na le li-membrane tse etselitsoeng matamo a metsi a letsoai. Hangata tsena li theko e boima ho feta tse etselitsoeng matamo a metsi a hloekileng, empa li tla tšoarella nako e telele 'me li khone ho mamella chlorine le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse sebelisoang matamong a metsi a letsoai.
Qetellong, o lokela ho nahana ka theko ha u khetha lera la osmosis bakeng sa letamo la hau.
- Theko e tla fapana ho latela mofuta, boholo ba lera le lisebelisoa tseo e entsoeng ka tsona. U ka fumana likhetho tse theko e tlaase haholo inthaneteng, empa u ka tlameha ho lefa litefiso tsa ho tsamaisa le ho tsamaisa. Haeba u batla lera la boleng bo holimo, u ka batla ho sheba ho e reka ho tsoa k'hamphaning e sebetsanang le lisebelisoa tsa letamo. Mohlomong ba tla ba le khetho e betere mme ba tla khona ho u fa theko e ntle.
Kaha joale u tseba seo u lokelang ho se sheba ha u khetha membrane ea osmosis bakeng sa letamo la hau, u ka qala ho reka. Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea mefuta le mefuta eo u ka khethang ho eona, kahoo nka nako ea hau 'me u fumane e loketseng letamo la hau. Ke letsete le tla lefa ka nako e telele, kahoo etsa bonnete ba hore u fumana thekiso e ntle ka ho fetisisa e ka khonehang.
Mefuta ea Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Fetola mefuta ea membrane ea osmosis bakeng sa matamo a ho sesa
Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis tse ka sebelisoang bakeng sa matamo a ho sesa.
Mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo ke lera le lesesaane la motsoako oa filimi (TFC). Mefuta e meng e kenyelletsa leqeba la spiral, hollow fiber, le membrane ea reverse osmosis (RO). Mofuta o mong le o mong o na le melemo le melemo ea oona.
- Pele ho tsohle, u na le lera la TFC Ke mofuta o tsebahalang haholo oa lera la reverse osmosis, le entsoeng ka lesela le tšesaane la filimi ea polymer e kentsoeng lipakeng tsa likarolo tse peli tsa masela. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lisebelisoa tsa porous li lumella metsi hore a phalle ho eona, empa filimi ea polymer e hana litšila tse kang letsoai le litšila tse ling tse qhibilihisitsoeng.
- Boemong ba bobeli, u ka e fumana spiral leqeba reverse osmosis lera, e leng mofuta o mong o tsebahalang. Ha e le hantle e entsoe ka tube ea filimi ea "spiral-wound polymer" e pota-potiloeng ho pota-pota bar e bohareng 'me sebopeho sena sa spiral se fa lera sebaka se seholo sa bokaholimo, se e lumellang ho hana litšila tse ngata ho feta lera la TFC.
- joale u na le Hollow fiber reverse osmosis lera e entsoe ka likhoele tse telele, tse tšesaane tsa filimi ea polymer tse kopantsoeng hammoho. Likhoele li hlophisitsoe ka har'a tube e sekoti, 'me metsi a phalla bohareng ba tube. Leha ho le joalo, lera la fiber le sekoti le na le sekhahla se phahameng haholo sa ho hana, empa hape ho thata haholo ho hloekisa le ho le boloka.
- 'Me qetellong, RO ke mofuta o theko e boima ka ho fetisisa oa lera la reverse osmosis; e entsoeng ka letlapa le lesesaane la ntho e ka kenang ka hare ho metsi le kenyelelitsoeng ho ba bilika. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore lesela la RO le sebetsa haholo ho tlosa litšila, empa le boetse le fokola haholo 'me le ka senyeha habonolo.
Li-membrane tsa Osmosis bakeng sa metsi a letsoai
Li-membrane tsa Reverse Osmosis (RO) li sebelisoa ho phekola metsi a letsoai
Li-membrane tsa Reverse Osmosis (RO) li sebelisoa ho phekola metsi a letsoai ho etsa hore a bolokehe ho sebelisoa.
- Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri le masepala, li fana ka metsi a nooang a bolokehileng le a hloekileng. Lisebelisoa tsa RO li ntse li sebelisoa haholo malapeng kaha ke mokhoa o sebetsang hantle le o theko e tlaase oa ho hloekisa metsi a pompo ho etsa hore a bolokehe ho noa.
Ts'ebetso ea "membrane" bakeng sa metsi a letsoai
Ts'ebetso ea RO e hloka hore metsi a brackish a hatelloe ka lera la semi-permeable, ho lumella metsi a hloekileng hore a fete ka har'a lera le tse ling kaofela tse ka hare ho bolokoa. Li-membrane tsena li atleha ho tlosa letsoai, litšepe tse boima, libaktheria le litšila tse ling tse kotsi metsing.
Litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa reverse osmosis bakeng sa metsi a brackish
- Reverse osmosis systems tse sebelisoang ka lapeng Hangata li entsoe ka pompo ea khatello, filthara le lera la RO. Metsi a pompo a romelloa ka filthara pele a fetela lera la RO. Pompo ea khatello e sebelisoa ho eketsa khatello ea metsi, e lumella hore e fete ka har'a lera la RO. Metsi a hloekisitsoeng a bokelloa ka sejaneng ebe a bolokoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea nako e tlang, ha metsi a silafetseng a lahloa. Litsamaiso tsa lehae tsa reverse osmosis hangata li na le matla a tlhahiso a pakeng tsa 50 le 300 litres ka letsatsi.
- Ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi a leoatle e hloka hore metsi a hatelloe ka lera la semi-permeable, ho lumella metsi a hloekileng hore a fete ka har'a lera 'me tse ling kaofela li bolokehe. Li-membrane tsa RO li sebetsa hantle ho tloseng matsoai, libaktheria, le litšila tse ling tse kotsi metsing a leoatle.
Metsi a leoatle a hloekisitsoeng reverse osmosis hangata a bolokehile ho noa ho feta metsi a pompo hobane a na le litšila le litšila tse fokolang.
- Lisebelisoa tsa reverse osmosis li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa metsi a nooang ho tsoa mehloling e sa tloaelehang joalo ka metsi a leoatle. Metsi a leoatle ke mohloli oa metsi a letsoai a ntseng a sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng ho hlahisa metsi a nooang ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha 'ona le theko e tlaase.
- Leha ho le joalo, metsi a leoatle a hloekisitsoeng ka morao a osmosis a kanna a se be a loketseng lits'ebeliso tsohle kaha a kanna a haelloa ke liminerale tse bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo ba batho.
Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis tse fumanehang 'marakeng,' me li ka khethoa ho latela ts'ebeliso e reriloeng ea metsi.
- Li-membrane tsa RO tse tloaelehileng haholo ke fiberglass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), le nylon.
Katleho ea li-membrane tsa RO e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa litšila tse teng metsing.
- Libaktheria le livaerase hangata li bolokoa ka mokhoa o atlehileng ho feta litšila tse ling, joalo ka matsoai le lirafshoa tse boima.
- Li-membrane tsa RO li ka sebetsa hantle ho tloseng metsoako ea lintho tse phelang (VOCs), joalo ka chlorine, metsing. Leha ho le joalo, li-VOC tse ling, tse kang trihalomethane (THM), li ka tšela lera 'me li hloka phekolo e eketsehileng hore e tlosoe ka ho feletseng.
Reverse osmosis membranes ke theknoloji e sebetsang ea ho hlahisa metsi a nooang a hloekileng le a bolokehileng. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa lera bakeng sa tšebeliso e reriloeng, kaha mefuta e meng e ka 'na ea se ke ea atleha ho tlosa litšila tsohle tse teng metsing. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho buisana le setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo pele u sebelisa metsi a leoatle a phekotsoeng a reverse osmosis bakeng sa ho nooa kapa ho pheha.
Mefuta ea li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis ho latela botle ba tsona ba ho sefa
Ho aroloa ha li-membrane tsa karohano, ho latela ho buloa ha li-pores tsa bona
Ho aroloa ha li-membrane tsa karohano, ho latela ho buloa ha li-pores tsa bona
Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea mantlha ea li-membrane tsa karohano: li-membrane tsa microfiltration, li-membrane tsa ultrafiltration, le li-membrane tsa osmosis tse khutlisetsang morao.
Ka hona, mofuta o mong le o mong oa lera o na le boholo bo fapaneng ba pore, bo amang katleho ea mokhoa oa ho arohana.
- Pele, li-membrane tsa microfiltration li na le boholo ba pore e nyane ka ho fetisisa 'me hangata li sebelisoa ho tlosa likaroloana tse kholo ho feta 0.1 microns ho 1 microns (μm) ho tloha mokelikeli kapa khase.
- Ea bobeli, the li-membrane tsa ultrafiltration li na le boholo bo fokolang ba pore 'me li ka sebelisoa ho tlosa likaroloana tse kholo ho feta 0.01 micron - 0,1 (μm).
- Ea boraro, li-membrane tsa nanofiltration ho tloha ho 0.001 ho isa ho 0.01(μm)
- Sebakeng sa ho qetela, reverse osmosis kapa hyperfiltration membranes, e nang le boholo ba pore e kholo ka ho fetisisa 0.0001 ho 0.001 μm 'me e ka sebelisoa ho tlosa limolek'hule tse qhibilihisitsoeng ho tloha mokelikeli kapa khase.
Ka kakaretso, e nyenyane boholo ba pore ea lera la karohano, e theko e boima haholo. Leha ho le joalo, boholo bo fokolang ba pore bo boetse bo fella ka karohano e sebetsang haholoanyane. Ka lebaka lena, ho bohlokoa ho khetha membrane e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea hau e khethehileng.
Mefuta ea Lisebelisoa tsa Reverse Osmosis Manufacturing
Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa li-membrane tse semi-permeable tsa sistimi ena ea tlhoekiso
Cellulose acetate reverse osmosis lera
Li-membrane tsa cellulose acetate tse sebelisoang ho reverse osmosis li matla haholo ebile lia tšoarella.
- Ha li qala, li-membrane tsena tsa reverse osmosis li ka mamella mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso le likhatello, tsa etsa hore e be tse loketseng ho sebelisoa liindasteri tse fapaneng. Li-membrane tsena le tsona li bonolo ho li hloekisa le ho li boloka, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e ntle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata.
- Li-membrane tsa cellulose acetate le tsona li hanana haholo le lik'hemik'hale le lintho tse ling tse senyang. Sena se ba etsa khetho e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa indasteri.
E 'ngoe ea melemo e ka sehloohong ea ho sebelisa li-membrane tsa cellulose acetate ke hore li sebetsa hantle haholo ho tlosa litšila metsing.
- Li ka tlosa lintho tse ngata tse silafatsang, tse akarelletsang libaktheria, livaerase le litšila. Sena se ba etsa khetho e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho hloekisa metsi a nooang le lits'ebetsong tse ling moo metsi a hloekileng a leng bohlokoa.
Molemo o mong oa li-membrane tsa cellulose acetate ke hore li sebetsa hantle haholo ha li hana letsoai le liminerale tse ling tse qhibilihisitsoeng.
- Sena se ba etsa khetho e ntle haholo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea ho tlosa letsoai le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa tlhoekiso ea metsi.
Li-membrane tsa polyamide osmosis
Li-membrane tsa polyamide osmosis li joang
- Taba ea pele, li-membrane tsa polyimide osmosis li batla li le theko e tlase ebile li bonolo ho li hlokomela, li li etsa khetho e tsebahalang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata.
- Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tsona sa porous, li-membrane tsa polyamide osmosis li ka senyeha ke khatello kapa mocheso, e leng ho fokotsang tšebeliso ea tsona lits'ebetsong tse ling.
- Ho feta moo, li-membrane tsa polyamide osmosis le tsona li ka thibela li-ion, tsa etsa hore li se tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling moo li-ion tsena li hlokahalang.
- Li-membrane tsa Polyamide osmosis hangata li tšesaane ebile lia tenyetseha, li etsa hore e be tse loketseng ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa ho sefa.
- Li-membrane tsena li entsoe ka motsoako oa li-polymer tsa maiketsetso 'me li na le sebopeho sa porous se lumellang limolek'hule tsa metsi ho feta, empa li thibela likaroloana tse kholoanyane.
Li-membrane tsa polyamide osmosis li sebelisetsoa eng?
- Li-membrane tsa polyimide reverse osmosis li sebelisoa hangata indastering ho hloekisa metsi kaha li ka tlosa litšila tse kang chlorine, litšepe tse boima le litšila tse ling.
- Li boetse li sebelisoa mekhoeng ea bongaka, e kang dialysis, moo li sebelisetsoang ho arola lintho tse chefo maling a mang kaofela.
Likarolo tsa Universal Reverse Osmosis
Li-membrane tsa universal osmosis li joang
- Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis ke theknoloji e sebetsang haholo ea ho hloekisa e sebelisetsoang ho hloekisa metsi.
- Li khetholloa ka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho tlosa litšila metsing, tse kang libaktheria, livaerase le sediments.
- Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis le tsona li khona ho tlosa chlorine le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse kotsi metsing.
- Boholo ba li-membrane tsa osmosis tse ka morao li entsoe ka semi-permeable polymeric e lumellang metsi ho feta ha a ntse a boloka litšila.
- Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis li sebetsa hantle haholo 'me li ka tlosa litšila tse fihlang ho 99% metsing.
- Ho feta moo, li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis li sireletsehile ka ho feletseng 'me ha li lokolle lik'hemik'hale leha e le life ka metsing. Sena se etsa hore e be tse loketseng ho sebelisoa malapeng le likhoebong. Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis le tsona li sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tsa khoebo le tsa masepala tsa ho sefa metsi.
Tlhaloso ea Sehlahisoa Li-Membranes tsa Universal Reverse Osmosis
- Universal Reverse Osmosis Membrane ke filthara ea metsi a nooang a reverse osmosis membrane e sebelisang theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ho e etsa, e ka fana ka metsi a boleng bo holimo ho baahi, ena ke karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ts'ebetso, e ka fanang ka boleng le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang.
- Mosebetsi: Sekoti sa membrane sa RO se nyane joalo ka nano, sebelisa pompo e khutsitseng haholo ho theha osmosis ea khatello e phahameng ho etsa hore molek'hule ea metsi le liminerale tsa ionic li fete ka har'a lera la RO, empa letsoai le inorganic, heavy metal, rabara boima, libaktheria le livaerase li ka khona. e se ke ea feta lera la RO (sekoti sa lesela la RO ke 0.00.0.00000000.000000001 feela.0.4μm, empa bophara ba kokoana-hloko -0 kapa -XNUMX.μm) le ho boloka.
