Lenane la ho tlala metsi a letamo ke eng?

En Ok Letamo Phetoho ka hare Phekolo ea metsi ea letamo la ho sesa Re hlahisa sengoloa: Lenane la ho tlala metsi a letamo ke eng?

Lenane la ho tlala metsi a letamo ke eng?

LSI kapa Langelier Saturation Index ke eng

The Langelier Saturation Index ha e le hantle ke tekanyo ea hore na metsi aa senya (LSI negative) kapa a sekametse ho scaling (LSI positive).

«The pool water saturation index» e lekanya tekanyo ea ho tlala ha metsi a letamo la hau ka tšepe le calcium.
Boleng bo phahameng bo bolela hore ho na le litšila tse ngata ka metsing 'me e hloka tlhokomelo e fetang e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho hloekisa pele nako ea lehlabula e fela.

Letamo la saturation index le sebelisetsoa eng?

Saturation Index e sebelisoa ho fumana boemo bo nepahetseng ba metsi bakeng sa letamo le fanoeng.

Kahoo, ISL e sebetsa e le mokhoa oa motheo oa ho leka-lekanya maemo a metsi le ho phalla ha metsi.

The Langelier Saturation Index ha e le hantle ke mokhoa oa ho tseba hore na metsi aa senya (LSI negative) kapa a na le scaling (LSI positive).

Boleng ba LSI pakeng tsa -0.3 le +0.3 bo ka har'a sebaka se amohelehang, leha ho le joalo, boleng bo loketseng bo tla lula bo le 0.0.

Ke mang ea sibolotseng index ea metsi ea Langelier

E bitsoa Langelier Water Saturation Index kapa LSI maemong a mang, 'me tlhahlobo ena e lokela ho etsoa selemo le selemo ho netefatsa bohloeki.

Langelier Saturation Index ke mokhoa o entsoeng ho tsoa lithutong tse entsoeng ke Dr. Wilfred Langelier mathoasong a lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo.

Ka hona, lethathamo lena le reheletsoe ka Léon Langelier, setsebi sa k’hemistri oa Canada ea ileng a le hlalosa ka lekhetlo la pele ka bo-1950, ’me le thusa ho lekola kotsi ea ho bola le ho eketseha ha mehloli ea metsi a nooang.

Hobaneng ha index ea metsi a letamo e le bohlokoa?

Lintlha tse amehang tlhokomelong ea metsi a matamo

The pool water saturation index: ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho thibela likokoana-hloko metsing a letamo

Letamo la metsi a saturation index (SI) ke sesupo sa bohlokoa sa ho beha leihlo bophelo ba metsi a letamo la hau.

SI ke tekanyo ea boholo ba metsi a qhibilihang ka metsing a letamo. Ha IS e phahame, ho na le metsi a mangata a fumanehang bakeng sa ho ithabisa. Leha ho le joalo, haeba SI e behiloe holimo haholo, e ka baka mathata a kang algae blooms le ho phophoma ka letamo. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho beha SI leihlo khafetsa le ho nka mehato ea ho e boloka e le maemong a nepahetseng.

Taolo ea index ea saturation ea metsi a letamo

Ho boloka tlaleho ea hore na LSI ea letamo la hau e hokae ke ho itšireletsa khahlanong le kutu le sekala.

Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea litlamorao tsena tse ntle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa hau tsa letamo kapa batho ba sesang ka letamong.

Empa ke hobane'ng ha re lokela ho bala Langelier?

Ntlha ea pele, ka lebaka le totobetseng, hobane re tlameha ho lumellana le molao 'me ka bobeli, ka lebaka le utloahalang, hobane e tla re thusa ho ntlafatsa boemo ba' mele le ba mechine ea letamo la rona mme ka hona litšenyehelo.

Langelier Saturation Index ke index e hlalosang bohale ba metsi mabapi le calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 'me e itšetlehile ka phello ea pH holim'a tekanyo ea solubility ea CaCO3. PH eo metsi a tletseng CaCO3 ho eona e tsejoa e le saturation pH (pHs) 'me e itšetlehile ka mocheso, alkalinity, boima bo feletseng, le lintho tse tiileng tse qhibilihisitsoeng.

Lenane lena ha lea lokela ho nkoa e le saense e nepahetseng, kaha ke karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea tsamaiso e rarahaneng haholo e khethollang sebopeho se nepahetseng sa letamo le boemo ba metsi bakeng sa sebaka leha e le sefe se fanoeng.

Leha ho le joalo, ho tseba Langeler Saturation Index ke tsebo ea bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea sebetsang ka matamo a ho sesa 'me hoa hlokahala ho rala le ho laola mehloli ea metsi hantle. Kahoo nakong e tlang ha u rera likarolo tse ncha tsa metsi bakeng sa letamo la hau kapa u sheba feela boleng ba metsi ka kakaretso, nahana ka mokhoa ona bakeng sa liphetho tse ntle.

LSI ea metsi a letamo la ho sesa ke eng

Langelier Saturation Index e emela eng matamong a ho sesa?

Liphello tsa Bophelo bo Botle ba ho Lokisetsa LSI ho Feta Tekano Matamong a ho Sesa

Litaelo tse nepahetseng tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko metsing a letamo

TLethathamo la litekanyetso tse nepahetseng bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko ka metsi a letamo la ho sesa

Li-parameter tse nang le li-indices tse loketseng bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa metsi a letamo la ho sesa

PARAMETER	IDEAL VALUE pool metsi
pH	Boemo ba pH: 7,2-7,4. (likarolo tse amanang: mokhoa oa ho phahamisa pH ea letamo y mokhoa oa ho fokotsa pH ea letamo).
Chlorine e sa lefelloeng e setseng	Kakaretso ea boleng ba chlorine: 1,5ppm. Boleng ba mahala ba chlorine: 1,0-2,0ppm Chlorine e setseng kapa e kopantsoeng: 0-0,2ppm
bromine e felletseng	Kakaretso ea bromine: ≤4 ppm ( matamo a ho sesa) ≤6 ppm (spas) Bromine e kopantsoeng: ≤0,2ppm
asiti ea isocyanuric	Cyanuric acid: 0-75ppm
boima ba calcium	Ho thatafala ha metsi a letamo: 150-250ppm
Alkalinity	Alkalinity ea metsi a letamo 125-150ppm
REDOX bokhoni	Boleng bo loketseng ba letamo la ORP (redox ea letamo): 650mv -750mv.
turbidity	Moferefere oa letamo (-1.0),
Ho se sebetse	Khetholla drainage
Mocheso	Mocheso o loketseng: Pakeng tsa 24 - 30 ºC
Phosphates	Li-phosphates tsa letamo (-100 ppb)
Sal	Pakeng tsa 3000 le 6000mg/l
RH	≤65%
Carbon dioxide	≤500mg/m3
Boemo ba ho tlala ha letamo	Theko ea ISL e lipakeng tsa -0,3 le 0,3 e nkuoa e le ka har'a sebaka se amohelehang. Leha ho le joalo, boleng bo loketseng bo pakeng tsa 0,20 le 0,30.

Iketsetse letamo

Ehlile, ntho e tlang pele, joalo ka ha u se u tseba, ke metsi a matamo.

Ka lebaka lena, ho hlakile hore tlhahiso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho phefumoloha habonolo e feta tsetela ho automating letamo Ho phaella moo, ha nako e ntse e ea, e ke ke ea re fa khotso ea kelello feela, empa letsete ka boeona le tla buseletsoa ka mokhoa oa ho boloka lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho boloka metsi a letamo la ho sesa ...

Ka hona, fetisetsa boikarabelo ba letamo ho lisebelisoa, lebala ka disinfection ea matamo 'me u sebelise monyetla oa nako ea ho hlapa e seng e ntse e le khutšoanyane ka ho lekaneng ... 'Me ha e le hantle, ke lebaka leo ka lona u nang le letamo.

Maemo a ka bang teng lethathamong la Langelier saturation

Boleng bo nepahetseng ba Langelier Saturation Index (LSI)

Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) e hlalosoa e lekana le phapang pakeng tsa boleng bo lekantsoeng ba pH ea metsi le ea pH saturation:

Sekala sa index ea pheliso ea metsi se tloha ho -1 ho isa ho +1. Ha e le hantle, metsi a letamo la hau a tla ba pakeng tsa -0.3 le +0.3. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo ke ho fumana 0 e leka-lekaneng ka ho phethahetseng (e tsejoang e le ho leka-lekana) le ho boloka palo eo ho thibela ho bola le ho senya.

Ka tsela ena, Langelier o hlalosa index (LSI) e lekanang le phapang lipakeng tsa boleng bo lekantsoeng ba pH ea metsi le ea pH saturation:

The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI):LSI = pH - pHs. Leha ho le joalo, index e sebelisoa ho fumana hore na metsi a nkoa e le a senyang kapa a sekametse ho thehoa ha sekala.

Re bolela eng ka Langelier Water Saturation Corrosive Index?

Lentsoe la bohlokoa ke saturation, boemo bo loketseng ba ho tlala ho LSI ke 0.0. Metsi a batla ho ba le botsitso ka tlhaho, 'me a tla fumana mokhoa oa ho fihla moo.

• Boemo bo sa lekaneng ba saturation bo senya, ha metsi a feteletseng a tla theha sekala.
• Metsi a na le moeli oa boemo ba k'halsiamo eo a ka e bolokang ha a fanyeha, hang ha metsi a le boemong bo nepahetseng ba ho tlala ha ho sa tla ba le mathata.
• Tabeng ena, mosebetsi oa rona re le litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea letamo ke ho leka-lekanya metsi hantle (hammoho le ho boloka tekanyo eo) e le hore ho se ke ha hlahisoa sekala kapa metsi a senyang a tla baka tšenyo marakong a matamo. 

Boleng ba Langelier Saturation Index

Boleng ba Langelier Saturation Index	mokhoa oa metsi
+0.3 ho ea ho +2.0	Ho kengoa holimo.
0.0 ho ea ho +0.3	Sekala se bobebe se nang le kutu.
0.0	leka-lekanya. Ho ka hlaha kutu e bobebe.
0.0 ho ea ho -0.3	kutu e bobebe. Sekala ha se thehoe.
-0.3 ho isa -2.0	Ho bola ho hoholo.

Index ea litaba tsa maqephe: index ea metsi a letamo la metsi

1. Lenane la ho tlala metsi a letamo ke eng?
2. Hobaneng ha index ea metsi a letamo e le bohlokoa?
3. Litaelo tse nepahetseng tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko metsing a letamo
4. Maemo a ka bang teng lethathamong la Langelier saturation
5. Litekanyetso tse nepahetseng ho index ea metsi ea letamo
6. Metsi a letamo a senyang = index ea saturation e ka tlase ho 0
7. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa le ho thibela tšekamelo ea ho senya ea metsi a letamo
8. Metsi a letamo la metsi = saturation index e kholo ho feta 0,30
9. Thibelo ea ho silafatsa ka letamong
10. Lintlha tse Amang LSI ea Metsi a Letamo
11. Mokhoa oa ho bala metsi a letamo la ho sesa la ISL
12. Mokhoa oa ho lokisa boemo ba ho tlala metsi a letamo
13. Limithara tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa taolo ea metsi a letamo

Litekanyetso tse nepahetseng ho index ea metsi ea letamo

Haeba LSI=0, metsi a tletse (ka teka-tekano) le CaCO3 le CaCOXNUMX ha a theohe kapa a qhibiliha.

• Theko ea LSI pakeng tsa -0,3 le 0,3 e nkoa e le ka har'a mefuta e amohelehang: LSI pakeng tsa -0,3 le 0,3 e bontša hore metsi a ka 'na a senya lipeipi le ho kenya.
• Leha ho le joalo, boleng bo loketseng bo pakeng tsa 0,20 le 0,30.

Ka maemo a fapaneng a metsi, Langelier Saturation Index e tla fapana mme e tla fapana ho latela maemo a lehae.

Ka mohlala, palo e phahameng ea Saturation Index e ka 'na ea hlokahala bakeng sa letamo la sechaba le tletseng batho ba nang le sephethephethe se phahameng, ha boleng bo tlaase ba Saturation Index bo ka hlokahala bakeng sa letamo la ka morao la ntlo le sebelisoang haholo-holo ke litho tsa lelapa.

Metsi a letamo a senyang = index ea saturation e ka tlase ho 0

Haeba litekanyetso tsa index ea pool saturation li le mpe, joale ke kutu.

Limescale le corrosion e ka ba bothata bo tebileng bakeng sa letamo la hau, eseng feela hobane li etsa hore le shebahale le le lerootho ebile le bora, empa hape hobane le ka ama bophelo ba baeti ba hau.

Letamo la saturation index le bolela eng ka boleng bo fosahetseng?

Haeba index ea saturation ea letamo e le mpe: e bontša hore metsi a senya kaha metsi a tletse ho feta tekano, kahoo CaCO3 e kenngoa 'me kahoo metsi a senya.

E le khopotso, metsi a sa tsitsang a na le tšekamelo ea ho tlosa maqephe a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) a teng a sireletsang liphaephe le lisebelisoa.

Lipontšo tsa LSI ea metsi a matamo a senyang

Mofuta oa corrosion ho latela boleng ba LSI ba letamo le senyang

• Boleng ba LSI: 2,0
• LSI boleng 0,5

Ha boleng ba leha e le efe ho tse tharo tse ka holimo bo le tlaase, metsi a fokotseha haholo (kapa a senya ho feta), ke hore, tekanyo e sa lekaneng ea calcium carbonate ka metsing e ea senya 'me e re bolella ha metsi a le mabifi.

Maemo a tlaase a ISL hase feela pontšo ea ho se tsotelle ho mong'a letamo, empa hape ke tšokelo ho thepa ea hau ea letamo.

Le hoja mefuta eohle ea litšepe e sebetsa haholo, ka ho khetheha koporo e tsebahala ka chefo ho lipeipi tsa metsi.

Ho bola ho tla qala ho heletsa thepa ea letamo hammoho le mabota a matamo.

• Lisebelisoa leha e le life, liphaephe, vinyl siding, kapa samente li tla qala ho senyeha 'me li se ke tsa sebelisoa.
• Haeba metsi a senya hoo a ka qalang ho ama lisebelisoa tsa letamo, ha u batle letlalo la hao.
• Haeba e sa laoloe, maemo a ISL a ka hola ho isa maemong a kotsi, a baka khatello ea maikutlo e phatlohang liphaepheng, ho senya lipompo, lihlooho tsa ho fafatsa, likhase le libaskete tsa skimmer.

Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa le ho thibela tšekamelo ea ho senya ea metsi a letamo

Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho na le mekhoa e 3 e ka khonehang ea ho fokotsa tšekamelo e senyang ea metsi a letamo 'me ke ka ho eketsa litekanyetso tse 3: pH, alkalinity le k'halsiamo thata..

Thibelo ea matheba a tšepe le sekala sa letamo

Hoo e ka bang SC-1000 ke chelator ea tšepe e se nang phosphate

• Pele ho tsohle, hlokomela hore sehlahisoa sa tšepe sa SC-1000 se bohlokoa ho ba le sehlahisoa sa chelating, leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lihlahisoa tsa chelating 'marakeng li thehiloe phosphate.

SC-1000 tšepe chelator ke eng bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea letamo

• SC-1000 ke sehlahisoa se tloaelehileng se sebelisoang tlhokomelong ea letamo ho thusa ho lokisa bokaholimo ba letamo le ho thibela ho phatloha kapa ho phatloha nakong ea ho omisa.
• Joalo ka ha lebitso le fana ka maikutlo, sehlahisoa sena se sebelisoa haholo ho lokisa metsi ka boeona, ho khutlisetsa liminerale le litšepe tharollong e le hore li ka hloekisoa habonolo ha letamo le se le loketse ho buloa.
• Sena se thusa ho thibela tšenyo e holim'a letamo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho omisa le ho netefatsa hore e lula e le boemong bo botle le ka mor'a hore e tlatsoe ka metsi.
• Leha ho le joalo, SC-1000 e ka boela ea ba le tšusumetso e ntle ho batho ba hlapang ka letamong, ho le boloka le le bonolo 'me le phutholohile nako e telele.
• Ka kakaretso, sehlahisoa sena se nang le mekhoa e mengata ke tlatsetso e babatsehang lenaneong leha e le lefe la tlhokomelo ea letamo 'me ho loketse ho nahanoa haeba u batla ho thusa mohaho oa hau hore o lule o sirelelitsoe le ho sebetsa le ka mor'a hore letamo le tlatsoe.

E tsitsisa LSI ka thibelo ea maemo a tlase ho index ea metsi a letamo

• Ho phaella moo, SC-1000 e fokotsa li-ion tsa ISL ka ho li chelate ka motsoako o sireletsehileng oa acidic pH; Ntle le lithibelo tsa maemo a ISL, litšepe tse boima tse kang koporo, tšepe le zinki li ka senya habonolo likarolo tsa letamo.
• Fetola maemo a ISL ka letamong la hau ho sireletsa matsete a hau, 'me u natefeloe ke mela e hloekileng, e boreleli ea letamo le se nang ISL.

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa letamo tšepe letheba le sekala thibelo sehlahisoa

Thibelo ea Metal Stain & Scale: SC-1000 ke setlamo sa tšepe sa Orenda se se nang phosphate. 

Haele hantle, re nahana hore ho bohlokoa ho ba le sehlahisoa sa chelating, leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lihlahisoa tsa chelating tse teng 'marakeng li thehiloe phosphate ha SC-1000 e se joalo.

Sebelisa chelator ea tšepe ea letamo

• SC-1000 e sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa maemo, ho sireletsa bokaholimo ba letamo ha bokaholimo bo qeta ho omella.
• Ehlile, e sebetsa ka ho hula liminerale le lirafshoa ho khutlela tharollong. E boetse e thusa ho tlosa litšila le sekala tse seng li le ka letamong.
• Ho latela pono e 'ngoe, hopola hore ha u sebelisa SC-1000 e ka ama lMaemo a chlorine a lethal dose ea ho hloekisa, kahoo ke habohlokoa hore u behe leihlo maemo a chlorine ea hao kamehla, ho fihlela a theoha.

Thibelo ea sehlahisoa sa sehlahisoa sa video sa metsi a letamo a senyang

Reka sehlahisoa se thibelang metsi sa letamo le senyang

Theko ea sehlahisoa ho qoba sequel saturation index ka tlase ho 0

Index ea litaba tsa maqephe: index ea metsi a letamo la metsi

1. Lenane la ho tlala metsi a letamo ke eng?
2. Hobaneng ha index ea metsi a letamo e le bohlokoa?
3. Litaelo tse nepahetseng tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko metsing a letamo
4. Maemo a ka bang teng lethathamong la Langelier saturation
5. Litekanyetso tse nepahetseng ho index ea metsi ea letamo
6. Metsi a letamo a senyang = index ea saturation e ka tlase ho 0
7. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa le ho thibela tšekamelo ea ho senya ea metsi a letamo
8. Metsi a letamo la metsi = saturation index e kholo ho feta 0,30
9. Thibelo ea ho silafatsa ka letamong
10. Lintlha tse Amang LSI ea Metsi a Letamo
11. Mokhoa oa ho bala metsi a letamo la ho sesa la ISL
12. Mokhoa oa ho lokisa boemo ba ho tlala metsi a letamo
13. Limithara tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa taolo ea metsi a letamo

Metsi a letamo la metsi = saturation index e kholo ho feta 0,30

LSI e kaholimo ho 0,30 e fana ka maikutlo a hore metsi a ka baka mathata a sekhahla.

Haeba index ea saturation ea letamo e le ntle: e bontša hore metsi a phunyeletse

Haeba index e le ntle: e bontša hore metsi a hloekile. Metsi a nang le supersaturated mabapi le calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Sekala se ka etsahalang.

Mofuta oa corrosion ho latela boleng ba LSI ba letamo la encrusting

Maemo a Metsi a Letamo a Kentsoeng

• Matamo a boleng ba ISL: 0,0
• Matamo a boleng ba ISL: 0,5

Mathata a tsoang ho index e fosahetseng ea saturation ea metsi a letamo

Haeba metsi a le mabifi (LSI<0), kutu e ka etsahala likarolong tsa tšepe 'me e ka boela ea senya litiiso. Esita le haeba letamo la rona le se na likarolo tsa tšepe, ho se leka-lekane hona ho tla baka mathata.

• Haholo-holo, phello eo bohle re e tsebang le e hlakileng haholoanyane, haeba metsi a foiling (LSI> 0), li-deposit tsa letsoai li tla hlaha ka li-filters, marako, liphaephe, joalo-joalo. hobane metsi ha a senyehe 'me lifilimi tsa letsoai tse kentsoeng ka mokoetla li sireletsa khahlanong le ho bola.
• Ka hona, e le LSI <0, metsi a atisa ho leka-lekanya ka ho nka khalsiamo e sieo ho tloha moo e leng teng, ho qhaqha tekanyo ea khale kapa ka ho toba ho tloha likarolong.
• Ka holim'a tsohle, ha e khahle libakeng tse pepenene 'me liphaepheng e fokotsa karolo ea eona e sebetsang' me e ka baka tšitiso e feletseng.
• Ka letamong, marako le fatše li fetoha tse tšoeu ka li-deposit tsa letsoai la k'halsiamo tse kopantsoeng le lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho le li-oxide tsa tšepe, e leng se fanang ka letamo ponahalo e sa thabiseng le ho tsofala pele ho nako.
• Ho phaella moo, sekala se tla qala ho haha ​​​​le ho koala lipeipi tsa hau tsa metsi le tsamaiso ea moea.
• Li-deposit tsena tsa calcium li thata haholo ho li tlosa, kahoo ho li thibela ke mokhoa o mong o molemo ho feta ho li lokisa.
• El metsi a letamo a tla boela a be le maru 'me ho tla ba thata ho bona ka eona.
• Sekala, haeba se le teng, se qhibiliha se siea bokaholimo ba tšepe bo pepesehile le ho feta.
• Litamong tsa lithaele, manonyeletso a atisa ho felloa ke matla 'me ho khomarela ha bona hoa fokola, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo hore ba tsoe. Sena se etsahala ka lebaka la seo re se bontšitseng qalong ea poso ena, ka lebaka la tekano ea solubility ea CaCO3.
• Qetellong, fana ka maikutlo a hore metsi a letamo a batla ho leka-lekana, 'me sekala le corrosion ke tsela ea eona ea ho leka ho lokisa tekanyo. Haeba ha u na k’halsiamo le liminerale tse lekaneng, qala ho ja seo u ka se khonang ho e fumana. Haeba u e-na le e ngata haholo, e tla qala ho lula libakeng tse kang liphaephe kapa marako a matamo.

Thibelo ea ho silafatsa ka letamong

Taolo ea limescale ka letamong

Ho thibela mathata ana hore a se ke a hlaha, o hloka ho beha leihlo ho leka-lekana ha metsi a hau mme o netefatse hore e lula sebakeng se nepahetseng.

U lokela hape ho etsa ts'ebetso ea kamehla ea filthara le mananeo a thibelo ea thibelo kaha a ka thusa ho boloka metsi a hau a le maemong a holimo.

Ha e le hantle, ho bohlokoa hape ho hloekisa le ho theola libaka tseo ho tsona tšenyo e kholo e hlahang, tse kang tsamaiso ea liphaephe tsa PVC kapa marako a letamo. Ka kakaretso, haeba ho nkuoa mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho laola sekhahla le kutu

Ka kakaretso, ho thibela le ho laola litšila, u tlameha ho qala ka ho utloisisa lintlha tse ikhethang tse tlatsetsang mathateng ana.

Leano la ho tsitsisa LSI

Haeba re fetola leano la rona mme re khaotsa ho lelekisa boleng bo lulang bo fetoha (ph) mme re tsepamisa maikutlo ho leka-lekanya LSI, boleng ba khalsiamo e tla ba e 'ngoe ea tse ka sehloohong. Calcium e kanna ea se ke ea thibela pH ka kotloloho, empa ka sebele e tsitsisa LSI ka kakaretso.

Ha pH ea rona e fetoha, ho joalo le ka boleng ba calcium.

Haeba re eketsa khalsiamo e fumanehang, e tla thusa ho leka-lekanya phetoho ea pH, ho khutlisetsa lintho ho tloaelehileng.

Lintlha tse Amang LSI ea Metsi a Letamo

Bohlokoa ba baemeli ba nang le tšusumetso boleng ba LSI ba matamo a ho sesa

Likarolo tsohle tsa ISL li bohlokoa

Tlhokomelo ea boemo ba ho tlala ha letamo la hau

Sena se ne se lokela hore ebe se arabile ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe eo ue hlokang ho tseba ho fumana hore na letamo la hau le tletse hakae le hore na u ka le lokisa joang ha ho hlokahala. Hopola feela hore liphetoho leha e le life tseo u li etsang ho kopanya k'hemistri e lokela ho ba ka tekanyo e nyane, kahoo u se ke ua ipeha kotsing ea ho lokisa ho feta tekano.

Tsela e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea ho boloka letamo la hau ke ho ba ka holim'a lona kamehla 'me u se ke ua lumella mathata hore a fetohe liphaephe tse baliloeng kapa lisebelisoa tse nang le mafome. Ho etsa liteko makhetlo a 'maloa ka beke ho tla bontša kapele hore na u hloka ho nka khato ea ho lokisa kapa che.

Lintlha tse Amang LSI ea Metsi a Letamo

Ha e le hantle, lintlha tse amang boemo ba ho tlala ha letamo ke (haeba u tobetsa lihokelo u tla fihlella ka kotloloho likenyelletso moo re pepesang lintlha tsohle):

Ntlha ea pele ea bohlokoa ea ho bala Langelier Saturation Index

Mocheso oa bohlokoa ho bala Langelier Saturation Index

Mocheso o nepahetseng oa letamo ke ofe?

La e loketseng letamo mocheso E itšetlehile ka lintlha tse kang tsa hau sebaka, ea hau litšobotsi le tšebeliso eo e fuoang eona. Letamo la ka ntle ha le tšoane le letamo la ka tlung, leha e le hore le reretsoe ho hlapa kapa ho sesa.

El boemo ba leholimo bo kantle Hape ke ntlha e etsang qeto ea ho theha mocheso o nepahetseng oa metsi mme, leha ho se na palo e nepahetseng ea lipalo ho beha boleng boo, re ka tiisa hore mocheso oa metsi matamong a ka ntle hangata lia sisinyeha lipakeng tsa likhato tse 28 le 30.

Tabeng ea matamo a ka tlung, mocheso o amahanngoa le boemo ba mongobo ba tikoloho. Ha mongobo o phahame, mocheso oa metsi o tlase. E le molao o akaretsang, ka matamong a ka tlung mocheso o fapana pakeng tsa 24 le 29 degrees.

2nd Lisosa tsa boleng bo fosahetseng lethathamong la metsi a letamo la metsi

Boloka pH ka har'a mekhahlelo ea eona

Ho etsahala joang hore ka ho fetola LSI re eketse pH ea metsi a letamo

• Ka mantsoe a mang, ha pH kapa alkalinity e theoha hoo LSI e oelang hole haholo ka tlase ho 0,00, metsi a tlameha ho hlaphoheloa le ho leka-lekana. Ka mohlala, haeba u eketsa acid e ngata haholo, u ka hlokomela letsatsing le hlahlamang hore pH e phahame ho feta kamoo e neng e le kateng pele.
• Sena se ka 'na sa etsahala hobane acid e tšela e ka' na ea theola alkalinity le pH, e leng se etsang hore LSI e be mabifi (ka tlase -0.30), e leng se etsang hore metsi a batle calcium saturation.
• Metsi a kenya samente e holim'a metsi (kapa grout ea tile), e nang le pH e phahameng, 'me boima ba eona ba calcium le bona boa eketseha. Sena ke 'nete haholo haeba u eketsa asiti ka phoso.
• Ka 'nete, metsi a lekang ho etsa ke ho khutlela tekano ea LSI. Asiti ea hau e tšolohile e ile ea senya khotso. Mohlala o phethahetseng ke qalo ea letamo le lecha la ho sesa.

Ntlha ea pele ea bohlokoa ea ho bala Langelier Saturation Index

Lekola alkalinity ho tseba ho tlala ha letamo

4º Lisosa tsa boleng bo fosahetseng lethathamong la metsi a letamo

Lekola ho thatafala ha calcium ea letamo

Ntlha ea 5 ea bohlokoa ho bala Langelier Saturation Index

Boholo ba asiti ea isocyanuric

6nd Lisosa tsa boleng bo fosahetseng lethathamong la metsi a letamo la metsi

Palo ea Kakaretso ea Matla a Qetehileng (ppm)

TDS ke tekanyo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mong'a letamo ofe kapa ofe.

• Qalong, hlakisa hore lintho tsohle tse tiileng tse qhibilihisitsoeng ha li susumetse ho lekanya kapa tšekamelo ea ho senya ea metsi, empa li etsa potentiate tšekamelo, hobane li eketsa conductivity ea metsi.
• E ka thusa ho fumana boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba letamo la hau le ho lemoha mathata a ka 'nang a e-ba teng pele ho nako,' me ha e le hantle, ho itšetlehile ka liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea TDS, u ka 'na ua hloka ho etsa liphetoho ho metsi a hau a letamo, joalo ka ho eketsa palo ea khalsiamo kapa ho eketsa activator ea lik'hemik'hale ho qala kholo ea algae.
• Tekanyo e nepahetseng ya TDS e bohlokwa, kaha TDS e phahameng haholo e ka lebisa mathateng a boleng ba metsi a kang sebopeho sa sekala le dithunthung tsa algae.

Litekanyo tse sa nepahalang tsa TDS le tsona e ka ba mohloli oa pherekano 'me li ka ama ts'ebetso ea letamo hampe le litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ha nako e ntse e ea.

Ka hona, hoa hlokahala hore beng ba matamo ba ele hloko ka ho khetheha 'malo oa bona oa TDS le hore li etsoe khafetsa ke litsebi tse tšoanelehang.

Boemo bo tloaelehileng tds metsi a letamo

TDS e emetse Total Dissolved Solids mme e bolela palo yohle ya diminerale le matswai a qhibidihileng metsing. Maemo a TDS hangata a hlahisoa ka limiligrama ho litara (mg/L).

• Boleng bo tloaelehileng ba metsi a hloekisitsoeng bo ka ba 4,0 mg/L, 'me bo ka tlase ho 3,0 mg/L bo ka nkoa bo phahame ka kotsi. Phuputsong e entsoeng ke WHO, ho ile ha fihleloa liqeto tse latelang mabapi le boemo bo loketseng ba TDS metsing (mg/l): Ka tlase ho 300: E ntle haholo. 300 - 600: E ntle. 600 - 900: Kamehla. > 900: E kotsi.
• Maemo a TDS a ka holimo ho 900 mg/L e ka ba sesupo sa tšebeliso e feteletseng ea metsi a nosetso kapa maemo a phahameng a liminerale metsing a mohloli. Batho ba nang le TDS e phahameng ba ka 'na ba teneha, ba tšoaroa ke hlooho le matšoao a mang.

Index ea litaba tsa maqephe: index ea metsi a letamo la metsi

1. Lenane la ho tlala metsi a letamo ke eng?
2. Hobaneng ha index ea metsi a letamo e le bohlokoa?
3. Litaelo tse nepahetseng tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko metsing a letamo
4. Maemo a ka bang teng lethathamong la Langelier saturation
5. Litekanyetso tse nepahetseng ho index ea metsi ea letamo
6. Metsi a letamo a senyang = index ea saturation e ka tlase ho 0
7. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa le ho thibela tšekamelo ea ho senya ea metsi a letamo
8. Metsi a letamo la metsi = saturation index e kholo ho feta 0,30
9. Thibelo ea ho silafatsa ka letamong
10. Lintlha tse Amang LSI ea Metsi a Letamo
11. Mokhoa oa ho bala metsi a letamo la ho sesa la ISL
12. Mokhoa oa ho lokisa boemo ba ho tlala metsi a letamo
13. Limithara tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa taolo ea metsi a letamo

Mokhoa oa ho bala metsi a letamo la ho sesa la ISL

Mokhoa oa ho bala LSI le boemo ba ho tlala metsi a letamo

Ka mor'a ho hlahloba lintlha tse tšeletseng tsa bohlokoa ho bala Langelier Saturation Index

• pH
• Mocheso
• boima ba letamo
• Alkalinity (ppm)
• Isocyanuric Acid/Stabilizer (ha e sebelisoa)
• Kakaretso ea Matla a Qetehileng (ppm)

Ho bala LSI ea hau, u tla hloka ho etsa lipalo tse nyane. Pele u tla hloka ho fumana mocheso oa letamo la hau, pH, alkalinity, bothata ba k'halsiamo, asiti ea cyanuric le lintho tse tiileng tse qhibilihisitsoeng.

'Me, re u tsoela pele hore e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mefuta ena e abetsoe ka ntlha ea ho lokisa, ho itšetlehile ka boleng ba eona ha u bala ISL, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe tafoleng e latelang.

Equation ea ho bala LSI ea metsi a letamo

Foromo ea index ea metsi a letamo

(pH) + (mocheso ka Fahrenheit) + (khalsiamo thata) + [(kakaretso ea alkalinity) - (CYA tokiso ntlha ea hona joale pH)] - (TDS) = LSI.

Mokhoa oa ho lokisa boemo ba ho tlala metsi a letamo

Nako ea ho lokisa boemo ba ho tlala ha letamo

Nako ea ho fetola index ea metsi ea letamo Langelier saturation index

El Lenane la Langelier E lumella ho tseba boleng ba metsi ka ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le sebopeho sa metsi a koahetsoeng kapa a mabifi 'me e thehiloe holim'a likhase tsa carbon dioxide, bicarbonate-carbonates, pH, mocheso, calcium concentration le letsoai lohle ka metsing.

Ke parameter ea bohlokoa ho tseba hore na ho na le kutu kapa ho eketseha ha marang-rang a phepelo ea metsi le lits'ebetso tsa kahare tsa indasteri le tsa malapeng.

Joalokaha re se re boletse, tabeng ea matamo a ho sesa optimal Langelier Index e lokela ho ba pakeng tsa -0,3 le 0,3, kahoo ha e se ka har'a sebaka sena re tla tlameha ho lumellana ka boleng.

Hopola: Boleng bo loketseng ba Langelier Saturation Index (LSI).

Foromo ea letamo la LSI

Ha e le hantle, index e sebelisoa ho fumana hore na metsi a nkoa e le a senyang kapa a atisa ho thehoa. Ka tsela ena, Langelier o hlalosa index (LSI) e lekanang le phapang lipakeng tsa boleng bo lekantsoeng ba pH ea metsi le ea saturation pH: LSI = pH - pHs.

Letamo le amohelehang la LSI:

• Theko ea LSI pakeng tsa -0,3 le 0,3 e nkoa e le ka har'a mefuta e amohelehang.
• Leha ho le joalo, sebaka se loketseng sa letamo sa LSI se pakeng tsa 0,20 le 0,30.

Letamo la LSI Phetoho

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa tafole ea lipalo tsa boemo ba pool saturation

Re tlameha ho suthisa motsu oa slider bar ho le letšehali kapa ho le letona ho khetha boleng. Kamora ho beha mekoallo e fapaneng sebakeng sa boleng bo fumanoeng bakeng sa paramente ka 'ngoe, re tla fumana tharollo e ka tlase

Re tlameha ho sheba litafole tse ka tlase ho tseba ho tseba hore na boleng bo bong le bo bong bo fumanoeng bo lumellana le eng.

Haeba re sheba tafole ea litekanyetso, re tla hlokomela hore Calcium Hardness le Total Alkalinity li na le phello e tšoanang ho LSI.

Sena ke sa bohlokoa hobane se bolela hore Kakaretso ea alkalinity ha se eona feela e nang le matla a ho tsitsisa pH. Ho thatafala ha calcium ho ka boela ha tsitsisa pH.

Mohlala oa ho lokisa letamo la ISL

Limithara tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa taolo ea metsi a letamo

Li-photometer tsa matamo a ho sesa ke eng

Li-photometer tsa letamo la ho sesa: lisebelisoa tsa ho laola metsi a letamo

• Li-photometer tsa letamo ke lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa ho lekola bophelo bo botle ba letamo la hau.
• Li fana ka 'malo o le mong o bontšang litekanyetso tsa lik'hemik'hale, tse kang chlorine kapa bromine, hammoho le bongata ba khanya ea letsatsi e otlileng letamo.
• Haeba li sebelisoa ka nepo, li ka thusa ho boloka letamo la hau le hloekile ebile le le maemong a matle.
• Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka lihlahisoa tsohle tsa bareki, li-photometer tsa letamo li na le maraba a tsona. Mehlala e meng e ka ba theko e boima ho sa hlokahale, ha tse ling li ka lekanya ka mokhoa o sa nepahalang palo ea khanya ea letsatsi serapeng sa hau. P
• Ha e le hantle, tsela e molemo ka ho fetisisa ea ho khetha photometer ea letamo ke ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hau le ho buisana le setsebi pele u reka. Ka tsela ena u ka etsa bonnete ba hore u fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa 'me u rua molemo ka ho fetisisa matseteng a hau.

Melemo ea Photometer bakeng sa matamo a ho sesa

Haeba u rera ho haha ​​​​letamo kapa u se u ntse u nahana ho kenya e 'ngoe ka mor'a ntlo ea hau, ho ka ba bohlokoa ho ba le photometer ho etsa bonnete ba hore 

• Ha e le hantle, fotometer ea letamo ke sesebelisoa se lekanyang mocheso oa metsi le maemo a pH mme se tlaleha liphetho ka kotloloho ho smartphone kapa tablet ea hau.
• Lintlha tsena li ka u thusa ho lekola bophelo ba letamo la hau, ho latela boleng ba metsi ha nako e ntse e ea, le ho qoba litokiso tse bitsang chelete e ngata nakong e tlang.
• Ka taolo e nepahetseng, hoa khoneha ho boloka letamo la hau le bolokehile ebile le sebetsa ka lilemo tse ngata. Joale ke hobane'ng ha u sa sebelise chelete e ka tšeptjoang ea photometer ea letamo kajeno?

Letamo la ho sesa photometer litšobotsi tsa botekgeniki

Tlhaloso ea letamo la ho sesa photometer

• Mekhahlelo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea letamo
  Bakeng sa beng ba matamo a poraefete ba nkang bohlokoa ba ho fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa tsa liparamente tsa bohlokoa joalo ka chlorine kapa pH, Scuba II ke sesebelisoa se nepahetseng sa tlhahlobo. Sesebelisoa se sebetsa ka mokhoa o hlakileng 'me se lekanya litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa letamo: chlorine e sa lefelloeng, chlorine eohle, bromine, pH value, alkalinity M le cyanuric acid.
• e sa keneleng metsi
  Ho thoe'ng haeba sesebelisoa se oela ka metsing? Ha ho bothata: Scuba II ha e kenelle metsi feela, e boetse ea phaphamala.
• Kamore ea ho lekanya e kopaneng
  Etsa tlhahlobo ka ho qoelisa kamore ea ho lekanya ea sesebelisoa.
• diphetho tse potlakileng
  Kenya reagent ebe o tobetsa konopo ea «Test». U tla fumana sephetho ka metsotsoana e seng mekae. Kapa ka mantsoe a mang: lekanya joalo ka melemo.

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa photometer ea letamo

Photometer ea letamo ke sesebelisoa se setle sa ho beha leihlo katleho ea letamo la hau.

Sesebelisoa sena se lekanya boholo ba leseli le bonahatsang holim'a metsi 'me se ka thusa ho fumana hore na letamo la hau le boloka tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale tsa metsi hantle.

• Photometer hangata e tla le lethathamo la litaelo ho u tataisa ts'ebelisong ea eona, empa mona ke malebela a ka u thusang ho holisa bokhoni ba eona:

Mehato ea ho sebelisa photometer bakeng sa matamo a ho sesa

1. Qalong, o hloka ho bala lintlha tsa motheo pele o eketsa lik'hemik'hale leha e le life tse ncha kapa liphekolo ho letamo. Sena se tla u thusa ho fumana setšoantšo se nepahetseng sa ts'ebetso ea hona joale ea letamo, 'me se u lumelle ho etsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang pele u nka khato efe kapa efe.
2. Ka mor'a moo, hlahloba maemo a lik'hemik'hale tsa metsi khafetsa ho bona hore na ho na le liphetoho tse hlokang ho etsoa.
3. Kapa mohlomong haeba u hlokomela hore letamo le lula le hlahisa maemo a phahameng a algae e tala, kapa haeba u Boemo ba pH bo lula bo le tlase, e ka 'na ea e-ba nako ea ho etsa liphetoho ho k'hemistri ea hau ea metsi. Hang ha u se u lemohile mathata leha e le afe a ka 'nang a hlaha, joale e mpa e le taba ea ho nka mehato e eketsehileng ho fumana hore na hantle-ntle ke eng e lokelang ho etsoa ho lokisa boemo.

Ka tšebeliso e nepahetseng, photometer ea letamo e ka phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho thusa beng ba matlo ho boloka matamo a bona ka lilemo tse tlang.

KHOTHATSO: scuba ii photometer

Photometer e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea metsi a letamo: scuba ii photometer

Ke mang ea hlokang photometer ea letamo la setaele? Ho qala, mang kapa mang ea latelang mekhahlelo ea bohlokoa ea Letamo le hloka mokhoa o tšepahalang le o nepahetseng oa ho lekanya ho hlaka ha metsi, mocheso le maemo a lik'hemik'hale.

Empa ka ntle ho sena, Scuba II photometer ke phetoho e feletseng ea papali ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho utloisisa hore na letamo la hau le sebetsa joang.

• E ntša khanya ea infrared, e u lumellang ho bona lintho tse sa bonahaleng ka tlas'a metsi tseo likarolo tse ling li sa khoneng ho li bona.
• Ka lebaka la karolo ena ea phetoho, u tla khona ho itahlela ka har'a ntlo ea hau 'me u ithute mefuta eohle ea lintho tse ncha ka letamo la hau, lintho tseo u neng u sa nahane hore li ka etsahala.
• Kahoo haeba u batla ho rua molemo ka ho fetisisa letamong la hau lehlabuleng lena, nahana ka ho tsetela ho Scuba II kajeno. U ke ke ua ikoahlaea.

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa photometer scuba ii

TDS palo ea matšeliso

• Boleng ba TDS bo khethoa ka ho atisa 'malo oa conductivity ka tekanyo e tsebahalang.
• Metara e u lumella ho khetha sekhahla sa phetoho lipakeng tsa 0.40 ho isa ho 1.00. Karolelano e fapana ho ea ka kopo, empa hangata e behiloe lipakeng tsa 0.50 le 0.70.
• Tlhokomeliso: Karo-karolelano e bolokiloeng e tla hlaha hakhutšoanyane ponts'ong ea mocheso o tlase ha mitha e qala ho buloa kapa ha o fetola tšebetso ea tekanyo ho TDS.
• Tlhokomeliso: Ka mokhoa oa letsoai, karo-karolelano ke 0.40 ho 0.60 ka ho iketsa.
• Ho fetola karo-karolelano, ha o ntse o le maemong a tekanyo ea TDS (ppm kapa mg/l):

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa Scuba 2 photometer

Reka scuba photometer

scuba ii photometer theko

Reka li-photometer tse ling bakeng sa matamo a ho sesa

poollab photometer

Photometer pool lab 1.0

Mofuta o nkehang oa Photometer

Astralpool photometer

lovibond pool photometer

chlorine le ph photometer