Mlozera wa zomwe zili patsamba
En Ok Pool Kusintha ndi mkati mwa Madzi osambira osambira Timakusiyirani nkhaniyi Kodi ndigule ziti za reverse osmosis membranes?
Kodi mankhwala a reverse osmosis madzi ndi chiyani?
- Reverse osmosis imawonedwa ngati kusefera kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe munthu adapanga kuti ayeretse madzi, momwemo ma nembanemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe madzi oyera amatha kupatulidwa ndi zowononga zopanda malire monga mabakiteriya, majeremusi, ma virus, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mchere popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse. mtundu wa mankhwala zinthu.
- Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti madzi okha ndi omwe amadutsa mu membrane yokwanira, chifukwa mamolekyu ake ndi ang'onoang'ono, pamene mamolekyu akuluakulu amakhalabe okhazikika ku nembanemba, kupeza madzi oyera.
Zomwe zimasintha ma membrane a osmosis kuti mugule maiwe osambira
Zomwe muyenera kuchita pogula membrane wa osmosis?
Pankhani yosankha nembanemba yoyenera ya osmosis padziwe lanu, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira.
Choyamba ndi kukula kwa dziwe lanu.
- Ngati muli ndi dziwe laling'ono, simungafune nembanemba yamtengo wapatali ya osmosis. Koma ngati muli ndi dziwe lalikulu, mudzafunikadi lomwe limakhala lolimba komanso lotha kupirira mankhwala oopsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa dziwe lanu. Mutha kupeza ma membrane awa m'masitolo ambiri ogulitsa dziwe. Onetsetsani kuti mwapeza imodzi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mtundu wanu wa dziwe.
Chotsatira choyenera kuganizira ndi mtundu wa madzi omwe muli nawo mu dziwe lanu.
- Ngati muli ndi madzi olimba, mudzafunika nembanemba yamtundu wina kusiyana ndi yomwe muli ndi madzi ofewa. Madzi olimba amatha kuwononga nembanemba, motero ndikofunikira kupeza omwe adapangira izi. Palinso nembanemba zopangidwira maiwe a madzi amchere. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo kuposa zomwe zimapangidwira maiwe a madzi opanda mchere, koma zimatha nthawi yayitali ndikutha kupirira chlorine ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi amchere amchere.
Pomaliza, muyenera kuganizira mtengo posankha nembanemba ya osmosis padziwe lanu.
- Mtengo umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu, kukula kwa nembanemba ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwa. Mutha kupeza zosankha zotsika mtengo kwambiri pa intaneti, koma mungafunike kulipira zolipiritsa zotumizira ndi kusamalira. Ngati mukuyang'ana nembanemba yapamwamba kwambiri, mungafune kuyang'ana kugula kuchokera ku kampani yomwe imapanga zida zamadziwe. Adzakhala ndi chisankho chabwinoko ndipo adzatha kukupatsani mtengo wabwinoko.
Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana posankha nembanemba ya osmosis padziwe lanu, mutha kuyamba kugula. Pali masitaelo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe mungasankhe, chifukwa chake tengani nthawi yanu ndikupeza yomwe ili yabwino padziwe lanu. Ndi ndalama zomwe zidzapindule pakapita nthawi, choncho onetsetsani kuti mwapeza ndalama zabwino kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Sinthani mitundu ya membrane ya osmosis ya maiwe osambira
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nembanemba ya reverse osmosis yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posambira.
Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi nembanemba ya thin film composite (TFC). Mitundu ina ndi monga spiral bala, hollow fiber, ndi nembanemba ya reverse osmosis (RO). Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake.
- Choyamba, mwatero Chithunzi cha TFC Ndiwo mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa reverse osmosis nembanemba, wopangidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala ya polima yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za porous. Momwemonso, zinthu za porous zimalola madzi kuyenda modutsamo, koma filimu ya polima imakana zonyansa monga mchere ndi zina zosungunuka.
- Mu malo achiwiri mungapeze spiral bala reverse osmosis nembanemba, womwe ndi mtundu wina wotchuka. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku chubu cha filimu ya spiral-wound polima yomwe imakulungidwa pakati pa bala ndipo mapangidwe ozungulirawa amapatsa nembanembayo malo akuluakulu, kuilola kukana zonyansa zambiri kuposa nembanemba ya TFC.
- ndiye mwatero hollow fiber reverse osmosis nembanemba amapangidwa ndi ulusi wautali, woonda wa filimu ya polima yomwe imalunjikitsidwa pamodzi. Ulusiwo amaunjikana mu chubu chabowo, ndipo madzi amayenda pakati pa chubucho. Komabe, nembanemba ya dzenje ili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chokana, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa ndi kukonza.
- Ndipo potsiriza, RO membrane ndiye mtundu wokwera mtengo kwambiri wa nembanemba ya reverse osmosis; chomwe chimapangidwa ndi pepala lopyapyala la zinthu zomwe zimatha kulowa pang'onopang'ono zomwe zimakulungidwa mozungulira. Kumbali inayi, ndiyenera kutchula kuti nembanemba ya RO imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pochotsa zonyansa, koma imakhala yosalimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwonongeka mosavuta.
Ma membrane a Osmosis amadzi amchere
Reverse osmosis (RO) nembanemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi amchere
Ma membrane a reverse osmosis (RO) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi amchere kuti akhale otetezeka kuti amwe.
- Reverse osmosis nembanemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi matauni, kupereka madzi akumwa otetezeka komanso aukhondo. Makina a RO akugwiritsidwanso ntchito mochulukira m'nyumba chifukwa ndi njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira madzi apampopi kuti akhale otetezeka kumwa.
Njira yothetsera madzi amchere
Njira ya RO imafuna kuti madzi a brackish apanikizidwe kudzera pa nembanemba yokwanira, kulola kuti madzi oyera adutse nembanemba ndi zina zonse kuti zisungidwe. Ma nembanembawa amagwira ntchito pochotsa mchere, zitsulo zolemera, mabakiteriya ndi zowononga zina m’madzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya osmosis yamadzi amchere
- Reverse osmosis machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mpope wopondereza, fyuluta ndi nembanemba ya RO. Madzi apampopi amatumizidwa kudzera mu fyuluta asanadutse ku nembanemba ya RO. Pampu yopondereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa madzi, kulola kuti idutse mumtundu wa RO. Madzi oyeretsedwa amasonkhanitsidwa m’chidebe ndi kusungidwa kuti adzawagwiritse ntchito m’tsogolo, pamene madzi oipawo amatayidwa. Domestic reverse osmosis machitidwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yopangira pakati pa 50 ndi 300 malita patsiku.
- Njira yosinthira osmosis yochizira madzi am'nyanja zimafuna kuti madzi alowetsedwe kudzera mu membrane yodutsa pang'onopang'ono, kuti madzi atsopano adutse mu membrane ndi zina zonse kuti zisungidwe. Ma membrane a RO amagwira ntchito pochotsa mchere, mabakiteriya, ndi zina zowononga m'madzi a m'nyanja.
Madzi a m'nyanja a reverse osmosis nthawi zambiri ndi abwino kumwa kuposa madzi apampopi chifukwa amakhala ndi zonyansa zochepa komanso zowononga.
- Njira zosinthira osmosis zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga madzi akumwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosazolowereka monga madzi a m'nyanja. Madzi a m'nyanja ndi gwero la madzi amchere omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga madzi akumwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake komanso kutsika mtengo.
- Komabe, madzi a m'nyanja osinthidwa osmosis sangakhale oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse chifukwa atha kukhala opanda mchere wofunikira pamoyo wamunthu.
Pali mitundu ingapo yama membrane am'mbuyo a osmosis omwe amapezeka pamsika, ndipo amatha kusankhidwa kutengera momwe madzi amafunira.
- Ma membrane a RO omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi fiberglass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ndi nayiloni.
Kuchita bwino kwa nembanemba za RO kumadalira mtundu wa zonyansa zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi.
- Mabakiteriya ndi ma virus nthawi zambiri amasungidwa bwino kuposa zoipitsa zina, monga mchere ndi zitsulo zolemera.
- Ma nembanemba a RO amathanso kukhala othandiza pochotsa zinthu zosakhazikika (VOCs), monga chlorine, m'madzi. Komabe, ma VOC ena, monga trihalomethane (THM), amatha kuwoloka nembanemba ndipo amafuna chithandizo chowonjezera kuti chichotsedwe.
Reverse osmosis membranes ndi njira yabwino yopangira madzi akumwa aukhondo komanso abwino. Komabe, ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu woyenera wa nembanemba kuti mugwiritse ntchito, popeza mitundu ina singakhale yothandiza kuchotsa zonyansa zonse zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri wazachipatala musanagwiritse ntchito madzi am'nyanja opangidwa ndi reverse osmosis pomwa kapena kuphika.
Mitundu ya nembanemba ya reverse osmosis molingana ndi kusefera kwawo
Gulu la kupatukana nembanemba, malinga ndi kutsegula kwa pores awo
Gulu la kupatukana nembanemba, malinga ndi kutsegula kwa pores awo
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ma membrane olekanitsa: nembanemba ya microfiltration, nembanemba ya ultrafiltration, ndi nembanemba ya reverse osmosis.
Chifukwa chake, mtundu uliwonse wa nembanemba uli ndi kukula kosiyana kwa pore, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa.
- Choyamba, microfiltration nembanemba ali ndi kabowo kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo kuposa ma microns 0.1 mpaka 1 microns (μm) kuchokera mumtsinje wamadzimadzi kapena mpweya.
- Chachiwiri, ndi ultrafiltration nembanemba ali ndi pore kukula pang'ono ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa tinthu zazikulu kuposa 0.01 micron - 0,1 (μm).
- Chachitatu, nanofiltration nembanemba kuchokera ku 0.001 mpaka 0.01 (μm)
- Pamapeto pake, reverse osmosis kapena hyperfiltration nembanemba, omwe ali ndi pore kukula kwakukulu 0.0001 mpaka 0.001 μm ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa mamolekyu osungunuka kuchokera mumtsinje wamadzimadzi kapena gasi.
Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa pore kwa membrane wolekanitsa kumakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Komabe, kukula kwa ma pore ang'onoang'ono kumabweretsanso kulekanitsa koyenera. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kusankha nembanemba yoyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanuko.
Mitundu Yazinthu Zopangira Reverse Osmosis
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma membrane a semi-permeable a dongosolo loyeretsera
Cellulose acetate reverse osmosis nembanemba
Ma cellulose acetate nembanemba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu reverse osmosis ndi amphamvu kwambiri komanso okhazikika.
- Poyambira, ma membrane am'mbuyo a osmosis amatha kupirira kutentha ndi kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ma nembanembawa nawonso ndi osavuta kuyeretsa ndi kukonza, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino pamagwiritsidwe ambiri.
- Ma cellulose acetate nembanemba amalimbananso kwambiri ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zina zowononga. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi ntchito zina zamafakitale.
Ubwino umodzi wogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba ya cellulose acetate ndikuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakuchotsa zonyansa m'madzi.
- Amatha kuchotsa zowononga zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi dothi. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi akumwa ndi ntchito zina zomwe madzi oyera ndi ofunikira.
Phindu lina la ma cellulose acetate membranes ndikuti amatha kukana mchere ndi mchere wina wosungunuka.
- Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mchere komanso ntchito zina zoyeretsa madzi.
Mitundu ya polyamide osmosis
Kodi ma membrane a polyamide osmosis ali bwanji?
- Choyamba, ma membrane a polyimide osmosis ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kusamalira, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otchuka pamapulogalamu ambiri.
- Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a porous, polyamide osmosis nembanemba imatha kuonongeka ndi kukakamizidwa kapena kutentha, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo pazinthu zina.
- Kuphatikiza apo, ma membrane a polyamide osmosis amathanso kutsekereza ma ayoni, kuwapangitsa kukhala osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma ion awa.
- Polyamide osmosis nembanemba nthawi zambiri imakhala yopyapyala komanso yosinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posefera.
- Ma nembanembawa amapangidwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha ma polima opangidwa ndipo amakhala ndi porous mapangidwe omwe amalola kuti mamolekyu amadzi adutse, koma amatchinga tinthu tokulirapo.
Kodi ma membrane a polyamide osmosis amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
- Polyimide reverse osmosis nembanemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale kuyeretsa madzi chifukwa amatha kuchotsa zonyansa monga klorini, zitsulo zolemera ndi zonyansa zina.
- Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m’zachipatala, monga ngati dialysis, kumene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zinthu zapoizoni ndi magazi ena onse.
Universal Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Kodi ma membrane a universal osmosis ali bwanji?
- Reverse osmosis membranes ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosefera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa madzi.
- Amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwawo kuchotsa zonyansa m'madzi, monga mabakiteriya, ma virus ndi matope.
- Reverse osmosis nembanemba amathanso kuchotsa chlorine ndi mankhwala ena oipa m'madzi.
- Ma membrane am'mbuyo a osmosis amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimalola madzi kudutsa ndikusunga zonyansa.
- Reverse osmosis nembanemba ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchotsa zonyansa 99% m'madzi.
- Kuphatikiza apo, nembanemba zam'mbuyo za osmosis ndizotetezeka kwathunthu ndipo sizitulutsa mankhwala aliwonse m'madzi. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi mabizinesi. Reverse osmosis membranes amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri muzamalonda ndi masefa am'matauni.
Kufotokozera Kwazinthu Ma Membranes a Universal Reverse Osmosis
- Universal Reverse Osmosis Membrane ndi fyuluta yamadzi akumwa ya reverse osmosis membrane yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kupanga, imatha kupereka madzi abwino kwambiri kwa okhalamo, ichi ndiye chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwambiri, chimatha kupereka zabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito mosasinthasintha.
- ntchito: RO nembanemba dzenje ndi laling'ono ngati nano, ntchito kopitilira muyeso-chete mpope kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwambiri osmosis kuti madzi molekyulu ndi ayoni mchere kudutsa wosanjikiza wa RO nembanemba, koma mchere inorganic, heavy metal, mphira misa, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi akhoza. osadutsa mu RO nembanemba (dzenje la RO nembanemba ndi 0.00.0.00000000.000000001μm, koma m'mimba mwake kachilombo -0.4 kapena -0.μm) ndi kusunga.
