Isho ukuthini i-acidic nesisekelo se-pH?

En Ok Pool Reform, kulesi sigaba ngaphakathi kwe Izinga le-pH lamachibi okubhukuda Sizobhekana nombuzo olandelayo: Isho ukuthini i-acidic nesisekelo se-pH?

Iyini i-pH echibini futhi amazinga ayo kufanele abe kanjani?

Isho ukuthini i-pH ekahle kumachibi okubhukuda (7,2-7,4)

I-acronym pH imele i-hydrogen engaba khona futhi iyisilinganiso esibonisa ubumuncu noma ubuqiniso bamanzi.

Ngakho, I-pH isho amandla e-hydrogen, inani elihambisana nokuhlangana kwama-ion e-hydrogen emanzini echibini lakho futhi ngakho-ke iyi-coefficient ebonisa izinga le-asidi noma isisekelo samanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-pH iphethe ukukhombisa ukugcwala kwama-ion e-H+ emanzini, ukucacisa i-acidic yawo noma uhlamvu oluyisisekelo.

Isikali samanani e-pH amanzi echibi lokubhukuda

Imaphi amanani afakwa isikali sokulinganisa i-pH yamanzi echibini?

• Isikali sokulinganisa i-pH sihlanganisa amanani asuka ku-0 kuye ku-14.
• Ikakhulukazi u-0 one-acidic kakhulu, u-14 uyisisekelo kakhulu futhi obeka i-pH emaphakathi ku-7.
• Lesi silinganiso sinqunywa inani lama-ion e-hydrogen amahhala (H+) entweni.

Kungani sidinga i-pH?

I-pH isilinganiso esisetshenziselwa ukucacisa ubumuncu noma ubuqiniso besisombululo esinamanzi. Ukuthi isixazululo esinamanzi siphendula njenge-asidi noma isisekelo kuncike ekuqukethe ama-ion e-hydrogen (H+).

Kodwa-ke, ngisho namanzi ahlanzekile ngamakhemikhali futhi angathathi hlangothi aqukethe ama-ion e-hydrogen ngenxa yokuzihlukanisa kwamanzi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekulinganisweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (750 mmHg kanye no-25°C), i-1 L yamanzi ahlanzekile iqukethe.  imvukuzane  y  imvukuzane  ama-ion, ngakho-ke, amanzi asezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile nokucindezela (STP) ane-pH engu-7.

Okufanele ukwenze lapho i-pH yechibi lethu AYIlawulwa

Imihlahlandlela yokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukunakekelwa kwechibi ngaphezu kwe-pH: ukuhlanza amanzi kanye nokubulala amagciwane

Ingaba kanjani i-pH yesixazululo?

i-pH yesisombululo

I-pH imele "amandla e-hydrogen" noma "amandla e-hydrogen." I-pH iyinegethivu yesisekelo esingu-10 logarithm somsebenzi we-hydrogen ion.

Kodwa-ke, ezinkingeni eziningi zamakhemikhali asisebenzisi umsebenzi we-hydrogen ions, kodwa ukuhlushwa kwe-molar noma i-molarity.

Zinjani izixazululo ezihlukene ze-pH

Okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi isikali se-pH siyi-logarithmic.

Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthi umehluko ngenye indlela umehluko ngokuhleleka kobukhulu, noma izikhathi eziyishumi futhi ngokuphambene kubonisa ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen ions kusixazululo.

Ngakho-ke, i-pH ephansi ibonisa ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-hydrogen ions futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Yiziphi i-asidi nesisekelo samakhemikhali ku-pH

Ama-asidi aqinile nezisekelo eziqinile ziyizinhlanganisela okuthi, ngazo zonke izinhloso ezingokoqobo, zihlukanise ngokuphelele ama-ion awo emanzini.

Ngakho-ke ukugcwala kwama-ion e-hydrogen ezixazululweni ezinjalo kungathathwa njengokulingana nokugcwala kwe-asidi.

Ukubalwa kwe-pH kuba lula

Ukubalwa kwe-pH kusetshenziswa ukugxiliswa kwe-molar kuhlukile ku-asidi eqinile/isisekelo ne-asidi/isisekelo esibuthakathaka.

Amanani e-pH ane-Acidic, neutral kanye ne-alkaline

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesikali Samanani we-pH

Ayini amanani we-pH

Isikali se-pH sisuka ku-1 siye ku-14, kanti i-pH 7 iyisixazululo esingathathi hlangothi.

Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi i-pH iyinani elivezwa esikalini se-logarithmic phakathi kwamanani 0 (okune-asidi ngokwedlulele) kanye no-14 (okune-alkaline ngokwedlulele); Phakathi sithola inani elingu-7 libhalwe njengeliphakathi nendawo.

Inkomba ye-pH yendawo yonke yesikali se-pH

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi into ine-pH ene-asidi noma ene-alkali?

Ayini ama-asidi nezisekelo?

Ama-Acid nezisekelo yizinto ezikhona emvelweni futhi zihlukaniswa ngeleveli yazo ye-pH, okungukuthi, ngezinga le-acidity noma i-alkalinity. Ukunqunywa kokuthi izinto zine-acidic noma i-alkaline kulawulwa yizinga le-asidi noma i-alkalinity elinganiswa ngesikali se-pH futhi isukela ku-0 (ine-acidi ngokwedlulele iye ku-14 (i-alkaline ngokwedlulele). Kokubili, nokho, ngokuvamile kuyizinto ezonakalisayo, ezivamise ukuba nobuthi, obuthi nokho banezicelo eziningi zezimboni nezabantu.

Indlela ama-elementi ahlukaniswa ngayo ngokusekelwe esikalini samanani e-pH

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto kuma-acids noma ama-alkaline ngokuya ngevelu ye-pH

Ngokufanayo, i-acidity ne-alkalinity amagama amabili aphendula endleleni yokuhlukanisa ukusabela kwanoma iyiphi i-elementi.

• Ngokufanayo, siyagcizelela futhi, Isikali se-pH sisuka ku-1 siye ku-14, kanti i-pH 7 iyisixazululo esingathathi hlangothi.
• Uma i-pH ingaphansi kuka-7, isisombululo sine-acidic., i-asidi eyengeziwe iyancipha inani le-pH ngaleso sizathu a i-asidi yileyo khemikhali ekwazi ukunikela ngama-proton (H⁺) kwenye ikhemikhali.
• Esikhundleni salokho, uma i-pH ingaphezu kuka-7, ikhambi libizwa ngokuthi isisekelo (noma i-alkaline) futhi izoba yisisekelo kakhulu lapho iphezulu i-pH yayo; futhi njengoba kubonisiwe isisekelo yileyo khemikhali ekwazi ukubamba ama-proton (H⁺) yenye ikhemikhali.

Yini i-alkaline noma eyisisekelo ngokwesilinganiso se-pH

Iyini i-acidity ne-alkalinity?

Iyini i-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity ekudleni

Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvidiyo uzokwaziswa ngenani elingapheli lokudla esikudla usuku nosuku kodwa,

• Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani amanye ama-flavour abamba ukunaka kwethu kakhulu kunamanye?
• Ama-flavour afana nosawoti, isinkwa, iziphuzo ezibandayo, amajusi, ngisho namasoso.
• Kungani kunjalo?
• Sizokuchazela konke lokhu nokunye okuningi njengamanje ekurekhodeni.

Imibono ye-acidic ne-pH eyisisekelo

I-Acid-base theory ye-pH

Iyini i-Arrhenius pH Theory?

ehlongozwa isiswedish Svante Arrhenius ngo-1884, yakha incazelo yokuqala yesimanje yama-asidi nezisekelo ngokwemigomo yamangqamuzana.

I-Arrhenius acid ph ithiyori

Into ehlukanisayo emanzini ukuze yakhe i-hydrogen cations (H⁺).

I-Arrhenius isisekelo se-pH theory

Into ehlukanisayo emanzini ukuze yakhe i-hydroxide anions (OH^-).

I-ARRHENIUS THEORY Iyini i-asidi? Siyini isisekelo?

I-Arrhenius acid nevidiyo eyisisekelo ye-pH theory

https://youtu.be/sHTN9jciLrU

Ithiyori ye-Brønsted-Lowry ph

Ithini ithiyori ye-Brønsted-Lowry ye-pH?

Yahlongozwa ngo-1923 ngokuzimela ngabaseDenmark Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted kanye nesiNgisi UMartin Lowry, isekelwe embonweni we conjugate acid-base pair.

Uma i-asidi, i-HA, isabela ngesisekelo, B, i-asidi yenza isisekelo sayo se-conjugate, A.^-, futhi isisekelo sakha i-conjugate acid, i-HB⁺, ngokushintshanisa iproton (indawo H⁺):

HA+B⇌A−+HB+

I-Brønsted-Lowry acid ph ithiyori

I-asidi ye-pH: ekwazi ukunikela ngama-proton (H⁺) ngokwesisekelo:

HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+

Ithiyori ye-pH eyisisekelo i-Brønsted-Lowry

Into ene-pH eyisisekelo: ekwazi ukwamukela ama-proton (H⁺i-asidi:

B+H2O⇌HB++OH−

Le thiyori ithathwa njenge ukwenziwa jikelele yethiyori ye I-Arrhenius.

I-BRÖNSTED-LOWRY THEORY Iyini i-asidi? Siyini isisekelo?

pH theory ividiyo BRÖNSTED-LOWRY

https://youtu.be/Uo2UVgVOq-0

Izincazelo zokusebenza zezilinganiso ze-pH ezingenzeka

Iyini i-ACIDITY kanye ne-ALKALINITY?

Isho ukuthini i-acidic nesisekelo se-pH?

i-asidi pH

• Okokuqala, singathola isixazululo nge-pH ene-asidi: into eshintsha iphepha le-litmus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka libe bomvu, isabela nezinye izinsimbi, ikhiqize usawoti futhi ikhiphe i-hydrogen (i-exothermic reaction).
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezine-pH ene-asidi ziboleka inani eliphakathi kuka-0 no-7.

inani le-pH eliyisisekelo

• Okwesibili, kukhona I-pH yesisekelo: Into eshintsha iphepha le-litmus elibomvu libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese liphenduka libe pink lapho lisabela nge-phenolphthalein.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bonisa ukuthi anenani le-pH eliphakathi kuka-7 no-14.

i-pH engathathi hlangothi

• Okokugcina, into enesilinganiso se-pH esingathathi hlangothi yileso esingaphenduli ngezinkomba ze-acid-base.
• Futhi, i-pH yalezi zinto ilingana no-7.

Izinto ezine-pH ene-asidi eqinile

Izilinganiso zezixazululo ze-asidi ku-pH

Anjani amanani ane-acidic ku-pH

• Ama-Acids akhulula ama-ion e-hydrogen, ngakho izixazululo zawo ezinamanzi ziqukethe ama-ion e-hydrogen amaningi kunamanzi angathathi hlangothi futhi athathwa njenge-acidic ngaphansi kwe-pH 7.

Yimiphi imikhiqizo evame kakhulu ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH

Ifomula ye-acid eqinile ye-pH

ifomula ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH

Ifomula ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH: [HNO3] = [H3O+], kanye ne-pH = -log[H3O+].

Bala i-ph inthanethi ye-asidi eqinile

Bala i-pH yesisombululo se-asidi esiqinile.

Izinto ezine-pH eyisisekelo eqinile

Izilinganiso zezixazululo eziyisisekelo ku-pH

Anjani amanani ane-acidic ku-pH

Izinto eziyisici ezine-pH eyisisekelo

• Izisekelo zamukela ama-ion e-hydrogen (zibophezela kwamanye ama-ion e-hydrogen akhiwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi), ngakho izixazululo zawo ezinamanzi ziqukethe ama-ion e-hydrogen ambalwa kunamanzi angathathi hlangothi futhi zibhekwa njengeziyisisekelo ngaphezu kwe-pH 7.

Ifomula yokubala i-pH eyisisekelo eqinile

ifomula ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH

Ifomula ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH: [HNO3] = [H3O+], kanye ne-pH = -log[H3O+].

Yimiphi imikhiqizo evame kakhulu ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH

Ukubalwa kwesisekelo esiqinile se-pH

Ukubalwa kwesisekelo esiqinile pH

Izinto namafomula ane-asidi ebuthakathaka noma eyisisekelo

Ingakanani i-pH enamanani e-asidi / isisekelo esibuthakathaka

Isici esiyinhloko sama-asidi abuthakathaka nezisekelo ukuthi ahlukaniswe kancane emanzini. Ukulingana kuyasungulwa phakathi kwezinqubo eziya phambili nangemuva, kufinyelela esimweni esiqinile lapho izinga lokuhlukana lincike emandleni e-asidi noma isisekelo.

Ama-asidi/izisekelo ezibuthakathaka zihlukaniswa kancane emanzini. Ukuthola i-pH ye-asidi ebuthakathaka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

I-Acid Ebuthakathaka Ifomula ye-pH

ifomula ye-pH ebuthakathaka

I-pH equation ihlala ifana: , kodwa kufanele usebenzise i i-acid dissociation njalo (Ka) ukuthola [H+].

Ifomula kaKa ithi:

kuphi:
 - ukuhlushwa kwe-H + ions
 - ukugxila kwama-ion ayisisekelo ahlanganisiwe
 - ukugcwala kwama-molecule e-asidi engahlanganisiwe
ukusabela 

Bala i-pH yesisombululo se-asidi esibuthakathaka.

Bala i-pH yesisombululo se-asidi esibuthakathaka.

Isisekelo esibuthakathaka sefomula ye-pH

Ifomula yokuthola i-pH yesisekelo esibuthakathaka

Ibalwa kanjani i-pH yesisekelo esibuthakathaka?

Ngemva kokuthola i-pOH kufomula ye-pOH engenhla, i pH ungakwazi ukubala usebenzisa ifomula pH =pK_w – pOH lapho pK _w = 14.00.

Umehluko phakathi kwenani le-pH ne-pOH

Liyini inani le-pH elivamile?

• Ngandlela thile, i-pH iyisilinganiso sokuthi esetshenziselwa ukusungula izinga le-acidity noma i-alkalinity yesisombululo. Igama elithi “p” limele “okungenzeka”, yingakho i-pH ibizwa ngokuthi: amandla e-hydrogen.

Liyini inani le-pOH?

• Ngokwengxenye yakho. I-pOH isilinganiso sokuhlangana kwama-ion e-hydroxyl esixazululweni. Ivezwa njengesisekelo se-logarithm engu-10 ye-negative logarithm ye-hydroxyl ion concentration futhi, ngokungafani ne-pH, isetshenziselwa ukukala izinga le-alkalinity lesisombululo.

Bala isisekelo esibuthakathaka pH

Ukubalwa kwesisekelo esibuthakathaka pH

Amandla Ahlobene Ama-Acids kanye Nezisekelo

Umehluko phakathi kwe-acidic eqinile nebuthakathaka kanye ne-pH eyisisekelo

Ngabe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pH eqinile nebuthakathaka kanye nesisekelo kuncike kuphi?

Kuya ngokuthi i-asidi i-ionized noma ihlukaniswe kanjani noma isisekelo, sihlukanisa phakathi ama-asidi/izisekelo eziqinile nezibuthakathaka, amagama achaza i- indawo ukuze ukushayela la ugesi (sibonga ukuba khona okukhulu noma okuncane kwama-ion esixazululweni).

I-ACIDI AMA-ACID AQINA KANYE ABABUTHAKATHAKA KANYE NEZISEKELO, izinga lokuhlukanisa kanye ne-pH Izibonelo

Ukuhlelwa kwe-pH ebuthakathaka ne-asidi eqinile kanye ne-bastion

Izinga le-ionization ye-acidic ne-pH eyisisekelo

Liyini izinga le-ionization noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-acidic ne-pH eyisisekelo

Futhi ubizwa degree of dissociation, α, ichazwa njengesilinganiso phakathi kwenani le-asidi/isisekelo se-ionized kanye nenani le-asidi/isisekelo sokuqala:

áá=inani le-asidi e-ionized/isisekelo/inani le-asidi/isisekelo sokuqala

Ngokuvamile kuvezwa njengephesenti (%).

Lisho ukuthini izinga le-ionization noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-asidi ne-pH eyisisekelo?

https://youtu.be/D_Q6jzyDJDo

ama-asidi aqinile nezisekelo

I-ionized ngokugcwele (α≈1). Bawuhambisa kahle ugesi.

• Ama-Acids: HClO₄, HI(aq), HBr(aq), HCl(aq), H₂SO₄ (I-ionization yokuqala) kanye ne-HNO₃.
• Izisekelo: AmaHydroksidi ensimbi ye-alkali ne-alkaline yomhlaba.

Ama-asidi nezisekelo ezibuthakathaka

I-ionized kancane: α<1. Abawuphathi kahle ugesi.

• Ama-Acids: HF(aq), H₂S(aq), H₂CO₃, H₂SO₃, H₃PO₄, HAYI₂ nama-asidi e-organic, njenge-CH₃I-COOH.
• Isisekelo: NH₃ (noma i-NH₄OH) nezisekelo ze-nitrogenous organic, njengama-amines.

Ukuhlukaniswa okungaguquki kwe-pH acid nezisekelo

Iyini i-dissociation constant ye-pH eyisisekelo ne-acidic?

Kuyisilinganiso se amandla of a i-asidi/isisekelo kwisixazululo:

	I-ACID	BASE
I-BALANCE	HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+	B+H2O⇌HB++OH−
IQINISO	Ka=[A−][H3O+][HA]	KB=[HB+][OH−][B]
I-COLOGARHYTHM	pKa=−log⁡Ka	pKb=−log⁡Kb

Amandla ahlobene we-acidic ne-pH eyisisekelo

I-Acidic kanye ne-pH eyisisekelo engaguquki

Ion ibhalansi yamanzi

Yiziphi i-amphoteric

amphoteric ziyini

Ekhemistry, i-amphoteric substance yileyo engasabela njenge-asidi noma isisekelo..

livelaphi igama i-amphoteric

Igama lisuselwa kusiqalo sesiGreki esithi amphi- (αμφu-), okusho ukuthi 'kokubili'. Izinsimbi eziningi (ezifana ne-zinc, ithini, i-lead, i-aluminium, ne-beryllium) kanye ne-metalloids eminingi ama-oxide noma ama-hydroxides i-amphoteric.

Amanzi yi-amphiprotic substance 

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi Amanzi ayi-amphiprotic substance 

El amanzi kuyinto i-amphiprotic (anganikela noma amukele iproton H⁺), okuyivumela ukuthi isebenze njenge-asidi noma isisekelo (i-amphotericism).

Ifomula yebhalansi ye-ionic yamanzi

El i-ionic ibhalansi yamanzi ibhekisela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali lapho ama-molecule amabili amanzi asabela khona ukuze akhiqize i-ion i-oxonium (H₃O⁺) kanye ne-ion i-hydroxide (oh^-):

I-equilibrium constant, ebizwa umkhiqizo we-ionic wamanzi, futhi kuchazwe ngu-Kw, kungalinganiselwa ngomkhiqizo:

Kw=[H3O+][OH−]

Ku-25°C:

[H3O+]=[OH−]=10−7M⇒Kw=10−14

I-pH, i-pOH kanye nomkhiqizo we-ionic wamanzi (Kw). I-ACID-BASE

Izinkomba ze-Acid-base pH

Un inkomba I-pH iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali i-halochromic (ishintsha umbala wayo -ukugoba- ngaphambi koshintsho ku-pH) engezwa ngamanani amancane esixazululweni ukuze kunqunywe ngokubonakalayo i-pH yayo (i-acidity noma isisekelo). Ukushintsha kombala kubizwa phenduka.

I-Litmus

Ingxube encibilikayo emanzini yodayi abahlukene ekhishwe kuyo ubulembu. Ifakwe ephepheni lokuhlunga ingenye yezinkomba ze-pH ezindala kakhulu ezisetshenziswa (∼ 1300).

I-Methyl orange

Umbala i-azo derivative lokho kuphenduka kusuka kokubomvu kuye ku-orange-yellow in i-acid medium:

I-Phenolphthalein

Isikhombi se-pH esingenambala esiphakathini se-asidi esishintsha sibe pink medium eyisisekelo:

inkomba yendawo yonke

Inhlanganisela yezinkomba (i-thymol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-methyl ebomvu, i-bromothymol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ne-phenolphthalein) ebonisa izinguquko zombala omaphakathi phezu kwenani elibanzi le-pH.

I-Acid-base neutralization titrations

I-Acid-base titration/titration iyindlela yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali amaningi

Iyini i-asidi ne-basci pH titration chemical analysis method

Una i-acid-base titration/titration kuyindlela yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali yobuningi yokunquma ukugcwala kwe-asidi ekhonjiwe noma isisekelo (hlaziya), ukuyinciphisa ncamashi ngesisombululo esijwayelekile sesisekelo noma i-asidi yokuhlushwa okwaziwayo (nesibindi).

Ijika le-titration/titration lika-25 mL ka-0.1 M acetic acid no-0.1 M i-sodium hydroxide.

I-Neutralization: ukusabela phakathi kwengxube ye-asidi nesisekelo

Kwenzekani uma uxuba i-asidi nesisekelo?

Ukusabela phakathi kwe-asidi nesisekelo kubizwa ngokuthi i-neutralization.

• Ukusabela kokungathathi hlangothi ngokuvamile kuyingozi kakhulu. lokho kusho lokho Zikhipha amandla ngendlela yokushisa.
•  Se ujwayele ukukubiza ngokuthi ukungathathi hlangothi ngoba uma esabela a i-asidi nge isisekelo,
• Ngakho-ke, ukusabela phakathi kwama-asidi nezisekelo kubizwa ngokuthi i-neutralization. futhi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kuqeda i-acidic noma izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zazo zombili izinhlanganisela, okungukuthi, zinciphisa izakhiwo zomunye nomunye. ukukhiqiza amanzi nosawoti esikhundleni.

Ingxube ye-asidi nesisekelo iyazenzela, i-pH akudingeki ingathathi hlangothi.

• Isizathu sokuthi ingxube ye-asidi nesisekelo izenza ingathathi hlangothi i-pH akudingekile ukuba ingathathi hlangothi iyasimama ngoba yinani le-asidi kanye/noma isisekelo lapho i-pH inqunywa khona ekugcineni.
• Kunalokho, Uma inani le-H⁺ futhi OH^- kuyefana, ikhambi lingathathi hlangothi ngoba ziyasabelana ukuze zenze amanzi (H⁺ +OH^- →H₂0).

Ngokomlingiswa we-asidi kanye nesisekelo sokuphendula, amacala amane ahlukaniswa:

1. I-asidi eqinile ekuqaleni + isisekelo esiqinile
2. i-asidi ebuthakathaka + isisekelo esiqinile
3. i-asidi eqinile + isisekelo esibuthakathaka
4. Okokugcina, i-asidi ebuthakathaka + isisekelo esibuthakathaka

Kuyini ukusabela kwe-acidic nesisekelo se-pH neutralization?

Ekuphenduleni kwe ukungathathi hlangothi, i-asidi nesisekelo kusabela ngendlela efanayo -ngaphenduki ukukhiqiza usawoti namanzi:

I-ACID + BASE ⟶ USAWOTI + AMANZI

Kuye ngokuthi i-titrant iyi-asidi eqinile noma isisekelo, i-pH endaweni yokulingana izoba:

UMHLAZIYI/INANI	qina/namandla	I-Acid Ebuthakathaka/Isisekelo Esiqinile	Isisekelo Esibuthakathaka/I-Acid Eqinile
i-pH (EQUIVALENCE)	7	> 7	<7
INDICATOR (ijika phakathi)	kokungathathi hlangothi	Okubalulekile	I-asidi

Indlela Yokubala i-pH Yesixazululo

Ithini ifomula ye-pH?

Kusayensi, i-pH isilinganiso sama-ion esixazululweni. Kungase kudingeke ubale i-pH ngokusekelwe ekugxiliseni.

Ifomula yokubala i-pH

Bala i-pH usebenzisa i-pH equation: pH = -log[H3O+].

I-pH yokubala yamachibi okubhukuda

Ividiyo ibala i-pH yesisombululo

Ngo-1909, isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo saseDenmark u-Soren Sorensen saphakamisa igama elithi pH ukuze libonise "amandla e-hydrogen ion". Uchaze i-pH njengelogarithm ethi [H+] eshintshile kuphawu. Ukuchaza kabusha njengomsebenzi we-[H3O+].

Isixazululo se-pH Calculator

I-pH yesibali Sesixazululo

Bala i-pH yesisombululo

Ngezansi kukhona izibali ezimbili ongazisebenzisa ukuze uhlole izimpendulo zezinkinga zamakhemikhali.

1. Esokuqala sibala i- pH yesixazululo se i-asidi eqinile o isisekelo esiqinile.
2. Futhi, eyesibili ibala i pH yesixazululo se i-asidi ebuthakathaka o isisekelo esibuthakathaka.

Bala i-pH yesisombululo esiqinile se-asidi/isisekelo

Isibali se-pH yesisombululo esiqinile se-asidi/isisekelo

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Bala i-pH yesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-asidi/isisekelo

Isibali se-pH yesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-asidi/isisekelo

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