Ithetha ntoni i-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH?

En Ok pool Reform, kweli candelo ngaphakathi kwe Amadama okuqubha akwinqanaba le-pH Siza kuphendula lo mbuzo ulandelayo: Ithetha ntoni i-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH?

Yintoni i-pH echibini kwaye kufuneka ibe njani amanqanaba ayo?

Ithetha ukuthini ipH efanelekileyo kumadama okuqubha (7,2-7,4)

I-acronym pH imele i-hydrogen enokubakho kwaye ngumlinganiselo obonisa ubumuncu okanye ubusiseko bamanzi.

Ke I-pH ibhekisa kwisakhono se-hydrogen, ixabiso elihambelana nokuxinana kwee-ion ze-hydrogen emanzini echibini lakho kwaye ngoko ke yi-coefficient ebonisa iqondo le-asidi okanye isiseko samanzi. Ngoko ke, i-pH ijongene nokubonisa ukuxinwa kwe-H + ion emanzini, ukugqiba i-acidic okanye uphawu olusisiseko.

Ubungakanani bamaxabiso e-pH amanzi edama lokuqubha

Ngawaphi amaxabiso aqukwa sisikali somlinganiselo we-pH yamanzi echibini?

• Umlinganiselo womlinganiselo we-pH ubandakanya amaxabiso ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-14.
• Ngokukodwa ukuba yi-0 eyona acidic, i-14 eyona isisiseko kunye nokubeka i-Neutral pH ku-7.
• Lo mlinganiselo umiselwa linani leeyoni ze-hydrogen zasimahla (H+) kwizinto.

Kutheni sifuna pH?

I-pH ngumlinganiselo osetyenziselwa ukucacisa ubumuncu okanye ubusiseko bomxube omanzi. Ingaba isisombululo esinamanzi siphendula njenge-asidi okanye isiseko sixhomekeke kumxholo we-hydrogen ions (H +).

Nangona kunjalo, kwanamanzi acocekileyo nangathathi hlangothi aqulethe i-hydrogen ion ngenxa yokuzahlula kwamanzi.

Kuyaziwa ukuba kwi-equilibrium phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (750 mmHg kunye ne-25 ° C), i-1 L yamanzi acocekileyo iqulethe.  i-mole  y  i-mole  ion, ngoko ke, amanzi kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo (STP) ane pH ye-7.

Yintoni omawuyenze xa i-pH yedama lethu AYIlawulwa

Izikhokelo malunga nendlela yokwenza ulondolozo lwamachibi ukongeza kwi-pH: ukucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane

Inokuba njani i-pH yesisombululo?

pH yesisombululo

I-pH imele "amandla e-hydrogen" okanye "amandla e-hydrogen." I-pH yi-negative yesiseko se-10 logarithm yomsebenzi we-ion ye-hydrogen.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiingxaki ezininzi zeekhemikhali asisebenzisi umsebenzi we-hydrogen ion, kodwa i-molar concentration okanye i-molarity.

Zinjani izisombululo zepH ezahlukeneyo

Ukuqala, kufuneka wazi ukuba isikali se-pH yi-logarithmic.

Ngoko ke, kuthetha ukuba umahluko ngenye indlela umahluko ngokomyalelo wobukhulu, okanye amaxesha alishumi kwaye inversely ibonisa ukuxinwa ion hydrogen kwisisombululo.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-pH ephantsi ibonisa i-concentration ephezulu ye-hydrogen ion kunye ne-vice versa.

Yintoni i-asidi kunye neekhompawundi ezisisiseko kwi-pH

I-acids ezomeleleyo kunye neziseko ezomeleleyo ziyi-compounds ezithi, kuzo zonke iinjongo ezisebenzayo, zihluke ngokupheleleyo kwii-ion zabo emanzini.

Ngenxa yoko ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-hydrogen kwizisombululo ezinjalo kunokuqwalaselwa ngokulingana nokuxinwa kwe-asidi.

Ukubala pH kuba lula

Ukubalwa kwe-pH usebenzisa i-molar concentration ihluke kwi-asidi eqinile / isiseko kunye ne-asidi ebuthakathaka / isiseko.

I-Acidic, i-neutral kunye ne-alkaline ixabiso le-pH

Ukuhlelwa kweSikali seeMgangatho ze-pH

Ngawaphi amaxabiso e-pH

Isikali se-pH sisuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-14, kunye ne-pH 7 isisombululo esingathathi hlangothi.

Ngoko ke, kuvela ukuba i-pH lixabiso elibonakaliswa nge-logarithmic scale phakathi kwamaxabiso 0 (i-acidic kakhulu) kunye ne-14 (i-alkaline kakhulu); Phakathi sifumana ixabiso le-7 elifakwe kwikhathalogu njengengathathi hlangothi.

Isikali se-pH isalathisi jikelele se-pH

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba into ene-acidic okanye i-alkaline pH level?

Yintoni iiasidi kunye neziseko?

I-Acids kunye neziseko zizinto ezikhoyo kwindalo kwaye zahlulwa ngokwenqanaba le-pH, oko kukuthi, ngeqondo le-asidi okanye i-alkalinity. Ukumiselwa kokuba izinto zineasidi okanye ialkaline kulawulwa yinqanaba leasidi okanye ialkalinity elinganiswe kwisikali se-pH kunye noluhlu ukusuka ku-0 (oluneasidi kakhulu ukuya kwi-14 (i-alkaline egqithisileyo). nangona kunjalo zinemisebenzi emininzi yemizi-mveliso neyabantu.

Indlela izinto ezihlelwa ngayo ngokusekwe kwisikali samaxabiso e-pH

Ukuhlelwa kwezinto kwi-acids okanye i-alkaline ngokwexabiso le-pH

Ngokufanayo, i-acidity kunye ne-alkalinity ngamagama amabini aphendula kwindlela yokwahlula ukusabela kwayo nayiphi na into.

• Ngokufanayo, siphinda sigxininise, Isikali se-pH sisuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-14, kunye ne-pH 7 isisombululo esingathathi hlangothi.
• Ukuba i-pH ingaphantsi kwe-7, isisombululo si-acidic., i-asidi eninzi iyancipha ixabiso le-pH ngeso sizathu a asidi yinto yekhemikhali ekwaziyo ukunikela ngeeprotons (H⁺) kwenye ikhemikhali.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-pH inkulu kune-7, isisombululo kuthiwa yisiseko (okanye i-alkaline) kwaye iya kuba sisiseko ngakumbi kokukhona iphezulu i-pH yayo; kwaye njengoko kubonisiwe isiseko yinto yekhemikhali ekwaziyo ukubamba iiprotons (H⁺) yenye imichiza.

Yintoni i-alkaline okanye isiseko ngokomlinganiselo we-pH

Yintoni i-asidi kunye ne-alkalinity?

Yintoni i-asidi kunye ne-alkalinity ekutyeni

Ke, kwividiyo uya kwaziswa malunga nenani elingapheliyo lokutya esikutyayo imihla ngemihla kodwa,

• Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni ezinye iincasa zitsala ingqalelo yethu ngakumbi kunabanye?
• Iincasa ezifana netyuwa, isonka, iziselo ezithambileyo, iijusi, neesosi.
• Ibangelwa yintoni?
• Siza kukucacisela konke oku nangaphezulu ngoku kwirekhodi.

Iithiyori ze-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH

Iithiyori ze-Acid-base ye-pH

Yintoni i-Arrhenius pH Theory?

ecetywayo sisiswedish Svante Arrhenius ngo-1884, yenza inkcazo yokuqala yanamhlanje yeeasidi kunye neziseko ngokweemolekyuli.

Arrhenius acid ph ithiyori

Into eyahlulayo emanzini ukuze yenze ihydrogen cations (H⁺).

Arrhenius ithiyori esisiseko ye-pH

Into eyohlulayo emanzini ukwenza i-hydroxide anion (OH^-).

ITHIYORI YE-ARRHENIUS Yintoni iasidi? Yintoni isiseko?

I-Arrhenius acid kunye nevidiyo esisiseko ye-pH yethiyori

https://youtu.be/sHTN9jciLrU

Ithiyori ye-Brønsted-Lowry ph

Yintoni ithiyori ye-Brønsted-Lowry ye-pH?

Icetywe ngo-1923 ngokuzimeleyo yiDanish UJohannes Nicolaus Bronsted kunye nesiNgesi UMartin Lowry, isekelwe kwingcamango ye i-conjugate acid-base pairs.

Xa i-asidi, i-HA, isabela ngesiseko, i-B, i-asidi yenza isiseko sayo se-conjugate, i-A.^-, kwaye isiseko senza i-asidi yayo ye-conjugate, i-HB⁺, ngokutshintshiselana ngeproton (ummandla we-H⁺):

HA+B⇌A−+HB+

I-Brønsted-Lowry acid ph ithiyori

Into ye-pH acid: ekwaziyo ukunikela ngeeprotons (H⁺) ngokwesiseko:

HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+

Ithiyori esisiseko ye-pH iBrønsted-Lowry

Into ene-pH esisiseko: ekwaziyo ukwamkela iiprotons (H⁺) yeasidi:

B+H2O⇌HB++OH−

Le nkcazo-bungcali ithathwa njenge ngokubanzi yethiyori ye Arrhenius.

BRÖNSTED-LOWRY THEORY Yintoni iasidi? Yintoni isiseko?

pH ithiyori ividiyo BRÖNSTED-LOWRY

https://youtu.be/Uo2UVgVOq-0

Iinkcazo zokusebenza zemilinganiselo ye-pH enokwenzeka

Yintoni i-ACIDITY kunye ne-ALKALINITY?

Ithetha ntoni i-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH?

acid pH

• Kwindawo yokuqala, sinokufumana isisombululo nge-pH ene-asidi: into ejika iphepha le-litmus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibe bomvu, iphendule ngezinye isinyithi, ivelise ityuwa kwaye ikhuphe i-hydrogen (i-exothermic reaction).
• Ukongeza, izinto ezine-acidic pH ziboleka ixabiso phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-7.

ixabiso elisisiseko pH

• Okwesibini, kukho Isiseko se-pH: Into ejika iphepha le-litmus elibomvu libe luhlaza kwaye lijike libepinki xa isabele kwiphenolphthalein.
• Kwelinye icala, bonisa ukuba zinexabiso le-pH phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-14.

pH engathathi hlangothi

• Ekugqibeleni, into enomlinganiselo we-pH ongathathi hlangothi ngulowo ongaphenduliyo ngezalathi ze-acid-base.
• Kwakhona, i-pH yezi zinto ilingana no-7.

Izinto ezine-acidic pH eyomeleleyo

Imilinganiselo yezisombululo ze-asidi kwi-pH

Anjani amaxabiso aneasidi kwi-pH

• I-Acids ikhupha ii-ion ze-hydrogen, ngoko ke izisombululo zazo ezinamanzi ziqulethe ii-ion ze-hydrogen ezininzi kunamanzi angathathi hlangothi kwaye zithathwa njenge-asidi engaphantsi kwe-pH 7.

Ziziphi iimveliso ze-asidi ezinamandla eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-pH

Ifomula ye-asidi enamandla ye-pH

ifomula ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH

Ifomula ye-asidi enamandla ye-pH: [HNO3] = [H3O+], kunye ne-pH = -log [H3O+].

Bala i-acid eyomeleleyo kwi-intanethi

Bala i-pH yesisombululo esinamandla se-asidi.

Izinto ezine-pH esisiseko esomeleleyo

Imilinganiselo yezisombululo ezisisiseko kwi-pH

Anjani amaxabiso e-acidic kwi-pH

Izinto ezibonakalayo ezinesiseko se-pH

• Iziseko zamkela ii-ion ze-hydrogen (zibophelela kwezinye ii-ion ze-hydrogen ezenziwe ngokuhlukana kwamanzi), ngoko ke izisombululo zazo ezinamanzi zineeyoni ze-hydrogen ezimbalwa kunamanzi angathathi hlangothi kwaye zithathwa njengesiseko ngaphezulu kwe-pH 7.

Ifomula yokubala i-pH esisiseko esomeleleyo

ifomula ye-asidi eqinile ye-pH

Ifomula ye-asidi enamandla ye-pH: [HNO3] = [H3O+], kunye ne-pH = -log [H3O+].

Ziziphi iimveliso ze-asidi ezinamandla eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-pH

Isiseko esomeleleyo sokubala pH

Ukubalwa kwesiseko esomeleleyo pH

Izinto kunye neefomyula ezine-acidic ebuthakathaka okanye i-pH esisiseko

Ingaba i-pH ixabisa njani i-asidi / isiseko esibuthathaka

Uphawu oluphambili lwee-asidi ezibuthathaka kunye neziseko kukuba zihlukaniswe ngokuyinxalenye emanzini. I-equilibrium isungulwe phakathi kweenkqubo zangaphambili kunye ne-reverse, ukufikelela kwinqanaba elizinzileyo apho iqondo lokuqhawula lixhomekeke kumandla e-asidi okanye isiseko.

Ii-asidi ezibuthathaka/iziseko zohlulwa ngokuyinxenye emanzini. Ukufumana i-pH ye-asidi ebuthathaka kunzima ngakumbi.

I-Acid ebuthathaka kwifomula ye-pH

i-acid ebuthathaka ifomula ye-pH

I-PH equation ihlala injalo: , kodwa kufuneka usebenzise i ukuhlukana kweasidi rhoqo (Ka) ukufumana [H+].

Ifomula kaKa yile:

phi:
 -Uxinzelelo lwe-H + ions
 -Uxinzelelo lwee-ion ezisisiseko ezidibeneyo
 - ukuxinwa kwee-athomu ze-asidi ezingadibaniyo
ukusabela 

Bala i-pH yesisombululo esibuthathaka se-asidi.

Bala i-pH yesisombululo esibuthathaka se-asidi.

Isiseko esibuthathaka sefomula ye-pH

Ifomula yokufumana i-pH yesiseko esibuthathaka

Ibalwa njani i-pH yesiseko esibuthathaka?

Emva kokufumana i-pOH kule fomula ye-pOH ingentla, i pH unako ukubala usebenzisa ifomula pH =pK_w – pOH apho pK _w = 14.00.

Umahluko phakathi kwexabiso le-pH kunye ne-pOH

Lithini ixabiso le-pH eliqhelekileyo?

• Ngandlela ithile, i-pH ngumlinganiselo lowo isetyenziselwa ukuseka inqanaba le-asidi okanye i-alkalinity yesisombululo. I "p" imele "ithuba", yiyo loo nto i-pH ibizwa ngokuba: amandla e-hydrogen.

Yintoni ixabiso le-pOH?

• Kwelakho icala. I-pOH ngumlinganiselo wokuxinana kwee-ion ze-hydroxyl kwisisombululo. Ichazwa njengesiseko se-10 ye-logarithm engathandekiyo yoxinaniso lwe-ion ye-hydroxyl kwaye, ngokungafaniyo ne-pH, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa inqanaba le-alkalinity yesisombululo.

Bala isiseko esibuthathaka pH

Ukubalwa kwesiseko esibuthathaka pH

Amandla anxulumeneyo e-Acids kunye neziseko

Ukwahlula phakathi kwe-acidic eqinile kunye nebuthathaka kunye nesiseko se-pH

Ingaba ulwahlulo lwe-acidic eqinile kwaye ebuthathaka kunye nesiseko se-pH ixhomekeke kuyo?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela i-ionized okanye i-dissociated ngayo i-asidi okanye isiseko, siyahlula phakathi iiasidi/iziseko eziqinileyo nezibuthathaka, amagama achaza i indawo for ukuqhuba la umbane (enkosi kubukho obukhulu okanye obuncinci be-ion kwisisombululo).

II-ASIDI EZAMAMANDLA KUNYE NEZISEKO, iqondo lokuqhawula kunye ne-pH Imizekelo

Ukuhlelwa kwe-pH buthathaka kunye ne-asidi eyomeleleyo kunye ne-bastion

Iqondo le-ionization ye-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH

Yintoni iqondo le-ionization okanye ukuchithwa kwe-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH

Kwabizwa kwakhona iqondo lokuzihlukanisa, α, ichazwa njengomlinganiselo phakathi komthamo we-asidi ionized/isiseko kunye nesixa se-asidi yokuqala/isiseko:

áá=ixabiso le-asidi ye-ionized/isiseko/ubungakanani be-asidi yokuqala/isiseko

Idla ngokuchazwa njengepesenti (%).

Lithetha ukuthini iqondo le-ionization okanye ukuchithwa kwe-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH?

https://youtu.be/D_Q6jzyDJDo

iiasidi ezinamandla kunye neziseko

I-ionized ngokupheleleyo (α≈1). Baqhuba kakuhle umbane.

• Iiasidi: HClO₄, HI(aq), HBr(aq), HCl(aq), H₂SO₄ (I-ionization ye-1) kunye ne-HNO₃.
• Iziseko: IiHydroksidi zealkali kunye neentsimbi zomhlaba zealkaline.

Iiasidi ezibuthathaka kunye neziseko

I-ionized ngokuyinxenye: α<1. Umbane awuwuphathi kakuhle.

• Iiasidi: HF(aq), H₂S(aq), H₂CO₃, H₂SO₃, H₃PO₄HHAYI₂ kunye neeasidi eziphilayo, ezifana ne-CH₃COOH.
• Isiseko: NH₃ (okanye NH₄OH) kunye neziseko zenitrogenous eziphilayo, ezifana neeamines.

Ukuqhawula rhoqo i-pH acids kunye neziseko

Yintoni i-dissociation constant ye-pH esisiseko kunye ne-acidic?

Ngumlinganiselo we amandla a iasidi/isiseko kwisisombululo:

	I-ACID	BASE
UKULINGANA	HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+	B+H2O⇌HB++OH−
RHOQO	Ka=[A−][H3O+][HA]	KB=[HB+][OH−][B]
I-COLOGARHYTHM	pKa=−log⁡Ka	pKb=−log⁡Kb

Amandla anxulumeneyo we-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH

I-Acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH rhoqo

Ion ibhalansi yamanzi

Yintoni amphoteric

amphoteric yintoni na

Kwi-chemistry, i-amphoteric substance yinto enokuthi iphendule njenge-asidi okanye isiseko.

livela phi igama amphoteric

Eli gama lithatyathwe kwigama lesiGrike elithi amphi- (αμφu-), elithetha 'zombini'. Iintsimbi ezininzi (ezifana ne-zinc, i-tin, ilothe, i-aluminiyam, kunye ne-beryllium) kunye ne-metalloids ezininzi iioksidi okanye iihydroxides amphoteric.

Amanzi yinxalenye ye-amphiprotic 

Ithetha ukuthini into yokuba Amanzi yi-amphiprotic substance 

El amanzi yinto amphiprotic (unganikela okanye wamkele iproton H⁺), evumela ukuba isebenze njenge-asidi okanye isiseko (i-amphotericism).

Ifomula yokulinganisela ionic yamanzi

El ionic balance yamanzi ibhekisa kwimpendulo yemichiza apho iimolekyuli ezimbini zamanzi zisabela ukuvelisa i-ion oxonium (H₃O⁺) kunye ne-ion ihydroxide (oh^-):

I-equilibrium constant, ebizwa imveliso ye-ionic yamanzi, kwaye ichazwe ngu Kw, inokuqikelelwa yimveliso:

Kw=[H3O+][OH−]

Kuma-25°C:

[H3O+]=[OH−]=10−7M⇒Kw=10−14

i-pH, i-pOH kunye nemveliso ye-ionic yamanzi (Kw). I-ACID-BASE

Iimpawu ze-acid-base pH

Un isalathiso I-pH yimbumba yeekhemikhali ihalochromic (utshintsha umbala wayo -ukugoba- phambi kotshintsho kwi-pH) eyongezwa kwiincinci ezincinci kwisisombululo ukwenzela ukujonga ngokubonakalayo i-pH yayo (i-acidity okanye isiseko). Ukutshintsha kombala kubizwa ngokuba jika.

I-Litmus

Umxube onyibilikayo wamanzi weedayi ezahlukeneyo ezitsalwe kuwo ubulembu. Ukufunxwa kwiphepha lokuhluza sesinye sezalathi ze-pH ezindala ezisetyenziswayo (∼ 1300).

I-Methyl orange

Imibala azo derivative leyo ijika ukusuka ebomvu ukuya kuorenji-tyheli ngaphakathi acid medium:

Phenolphthalein

Isalathisi esingenambala se-pH kwindawo yeasidi ejika ibepinki isiseko esiphakathi:

isalathisi jikelele

Umxube wezalathi (i-thymol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-methyl ebomvu, i-bromothymol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne-phenolphthalein) ebonisa utshintsho lombala omnene kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso e-pH.

I-Acid-base neutralization titrations

I-Acid-base titration / titration yindlela yohlalutyo lweekhemikhali zobuninzi

Yintoni i-asidi kunye ne-basci pH titration indlela yohlalutyo lweekhemikhali

Omnye acid-base titration/titration yindlela yokuhlalutya imichiza yobuninzi bokumisela ukuxinwa kwe-asidi echongiweyo okanye isiseko (umhlalutyi), ukuyinciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ngesisombululo esisemgangathweni sesiseko okanye iasidi yoxinaniso olwaziwayo (nesibindi).

I-Titration / titration curve ye-25 mL ye-0.1 M i-acetic acid kunye ne-0.1 M i-sodium hydroxide.

I-Neutralization: Ukusabela phakathi komxube we-asidi kunye nesiseko

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba udibanisa i-asidi kunye nesiseko?

Ukusabela phakathi kwe-asidi kunye nesiseko kuthiwa yi-neutralization.

• Iimpendulo zokungathathi hlangothi zidla ngokugqithisa. que kuthetha que Zinika amandla ngendlela yobushushu.
•  Se udla ngokubabiza ngokuba yi neutralization kuba xa esabela a asidi nge isiseko,
• Ngoko ke, ukusabela phakathi kwe-acids kunye neziseko kubizwa ngokuba yi-neutralization. kwaye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kuphelisa i-acidic okanye iimpawu ezisisiseko zazo zombini iikhompawundi, oko kukuthi, zinciphisa iipropati zomnye nomnye. ukuvelisa amanzi kunye netyuwa endaweni yoko.

Umxube we-asidi kunye nesiseko ungathathi hlangothi ngokwawo, i-pH ayifuni ukuba ingathathi hlangothi.

• Isizathu sokuba umxube we-asidi kunye nesiseko uzithintele ngokwawo i-pH akufuneki ukuba ingathathi hlangothi iyagcinwa kuba yi-asidi kunye / okanye isiseko apho i-pH igqitywe ekugqibeleni.
• Kunoko, Ukuba inani le-H⁺ kunye no-OH^- kuyafana, isisombululo sithatha icala kuba zisabelana ukuze zenze amanzi (H⁺ + OWU^- →H₂0).

Ngokomlingiswa we-asidi kunye nesiseko sokuphendula, iimeko ezine zahlulwa:

1. Iasidi eyomeleleyo ekuqaleni + isiseko esomeleleyo
2. iasidi ebuthathaka + isiseko esomeleleyo
3. iasidi eyomeleleyo + isiseko esibuthathaka
4. Kwaye okokugqibela, i-asidi ebuthathaka + isiseko esibuthathaka

Yintoni i-acidic kunye nesiseko se-pH neutralization reaction?

Kwimpendulo ye ukungathathi hlangothi, i-asidi kunye nesiseko sisabela ngendlela efanayo ongenakulungiseka ukuvelisa ityuwa kunye namanzi:

I-ACID + ISISEKO ⟶ ITYUWA + AMANZI

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-titrant yi-asidi eyomeleleyo okanye isiseko, i-pH kwindawo yokulinganisa iya kuba:

UHLALUTYI/ IXABISO	yomelele/yomelele	I-Acid ebuthathaka / isiseko esinamandla	Isiseko esibuthathaka / i-Acid eyomeleleyo
pH (EQUIVALENCE)	7	> 7	<7
INDICATOR (ijika embindini)	Cala	Esisiseko	Iasidi

Indlela yokubala i-pH yeSisombululo

Ithini ifomula ye-pH?

Kwinzululwazi, i-pH ngumlinganiselo weeyoni kwisisombululo. Kusenokufuneka ubale i-pH ngokusekelwe kugxininiso.

Ifomula yokubala i-pH

Bala i-pH usebenzisa i-equation ye-pH: pH = -log[H3O+].

i-pH yokubala yamadama okuqubha

Ividiyo ibala i-pH yesisombululo

Ngo-1909, isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseDenmark u-Soren Sorensen wacebisa igama elithi pH ukubonisa "ithuba le-ion ye-hydrogen". Uchaze i-pH njengelogarithm ye [H+] etshintshileyo kuphawu. Ukuchaza kwakhona njengomsebenzi we [H3O+].

Isisombululo pH Calculator

I-pH yeSikhalityhuleyitha seSisombululo

Bala i-pH yesisombululo

Ngezantsi zimbini zokubala onokuzisebenzisa ukujonga iimpendulo kwiingxaki zekhemistri.

1. Eyokuqala ibala i pH yesisombululo se iasidi eyomeleleyo o isiseko esomeleleyo.
2. Kwaye, eyesibini ibala i pH yesisombululo se iasidi ebuthathaka o isiseko esibuthathaka.

Bala i-pH ye-asidi eyomeleleyo / isisombululo sesiseko

Isibali-manani se-pH ye-asidi eyomeleleyo/isisombululo sesiseko

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Bala i-pH ye-asidi ebuthakathaka / isisombululo sesiseko

Isibali-manani se-pH ye-asidi ebuthathaka / isisombululo sesiseko

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Umthamo wamanzi echibini okanye iilitha zokubala