Isalathiso sesiqulatho sephepha
En Ok pool Reform, kweli candelo ngaphakathi kwe Amadama okuqubha akwinqanaba le-pH siya kuyiphatha i umahluko phakathi kweph kunye ne-poh kumaxabiso amanzi echibini.
Yintoni i-pH echibini kwaye kufuneka ibe njani amanqanaba ayo?
Ithetha ukuthini ipH efanelekileyo kumadama okuqubha (7,2-7,4)
I-acronym pH imele i-hydrogen enokubakho kwaye ngumlinganiselo obonisa ubumuncu okanye ubusiseko bamanzi.
Ke I-pH ibhekisa kwisakhono se-hydrogen, ixabiso elihambelana nokuxinana kwee-ion ze-hydrogen emanzini echibini lakho kwaye ngoko ke yi-coefficient ebonisa iqondo le-asidi okanye isiseko samanzi. Ngoko ke, i-pH ijongene nokubonisa ukuxinwa kwe-H + ion emanzini, ukugqiba i-acidic okanye uphawu olusisiseko.
Ubungakanani bamaxabiso e-pH amanzi edama lokuqubha
Ngawaphi amaxabiso aqukwa sisikali somlinganiselo we-pH yamanzi echibini?
- Umlinganiselo womlinganiselo we-pH ubandakanya amaxabiso ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-14.
- Ngokukodwa ukuba yi-0 eyona acidic, i-14 eyona isisiseko kunye nokubeka i-Neutral pH ku-7.
- Lo mlinganiselo umiselwa linani leeyoni ze-hydrogen zasimahla (H+) kwizinto.
Kutheni sifuna pH?
I-pH ngumlinganiselo osetyenziselwa ukucacisa ubumuncu okanye ubusiseko bomxube omanzi. Ingaba isisombululo esinamanzi siphendula njenge-asidi okanye isiseko sixhomekeke kumxholo we-hydrogen ions (H +).
Nangona kunjalo, kwanamanzi acocekileyo nangathathi hlangothi aqulethe i-hydrogen ion ngenxa yokuzahlula kwamanzi.
Kuyaziwa ukuba kwi-equilibrium phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (750 mmHg kunye ne-25 ° C), i-1 L yamanzi acocekileyo iqulethe. i-mole y i-mole ion, ngoko ke, amanzi kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo (STP) ane pH ye-7.
Yintoni omawuyenze xa i-pH yedama lethu AYIlawulwa
Yazi iziphumo ze-pH ephezulu kunye nezizathu ze-pH ephezulu echibini lakho
Indlela yokunyusa i-pH ye-pool kunye nokuba kwenzekani ukuba izinga liphantsi
Indlela yokuthoba iPool ePhakamileyo okanye eneAlkaline pH
Izikhokelo malunga nendlela yokwenza ulondolozo lwamachibi ukongeza kwi-pH: ukucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
Isikhokelo esiluncedo ukwazi ukucoca idama
Isikhokelo sokugcina ichibi elinamanzi kwimeko egqibeleleyo
I-Acidic, i-neutral kunye ne-alkaline ixabiso le-pH
Ukuhlelwa kweSikali seeMgangatho ze-pH
Ngawaphi amaxabiso e-pH
Isikali se-pH sisuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-14, kunye ne-pH 7 isisombululo esingathathi hlangothi.
Ngoko ke, kuvela ukuba i-pH lixabiso elibonakaliswa nge-logarithmic scale phakathi kwamaxabiso 0 (i-acidic kakhulu) kunye ne-14 (i-alkaline kakhulu); Phakathi sifumana ixabiso le-7 elifakwe kwikhathalogu njengengathathi hlangothi.
Isikali se-pH isalathisi jikelele se-pH
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba into ene-acidic okanye i-alkaline pH level?
Yintoni iiasidi kunye neziseko?
I-Acids kunye neziseko zizinto ezikhoyo kwindalo kwaye zahlulwa ngokwenqanaba le-pH, oko kukuthi, ngeqondo le-asidi okanye i-alkalinity. Ukumiselwa kokuba izinto zineasidi okanye ialkaline kulawulwa yinqanaba leasidi okanye ialkalinity elinganiswe kwisikali se-pH kunye noluhlu ukusuka ku-0 (oluneasidi kakhulu ukuya kwi-14 (i-alkaline egqithisileyo). nangona kunjalo zinemisebenzi emininzi yemizi-mveliso neyabantu.
Ziziphi izinto ezineasidi?
- Inqanaba le-asidi ye-pH: pH ngaphantsi kwe-7
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ixabiso le-pH li-acidic?
- Ukuba into eneasidi ithetha ukuba ityebile kuH+ (i-hydrogen ions): pH ngaphezulu kwe-7
- Ngoko ke, Iiasidi zizinto ezinepH engaphantsi kwe-7. (i-pH yamanzi elingana ne-7, ithathwa njengengathathi hlangothi), i-chemistry yayo idla ngokuqulatha izixa ezikhulu ze-hydrogen ion xa ukongeza amanzi. Zidla ngokusabela nezinye izinto ngokuphulukana neeprotons (H+).
Ziziphi izinto ezingathathi hlangothi?
- Ixabiso le-pH eliphakathi: i-pH ilingana ne-7-
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ixabiso le-pH lingathathi hlangothi?
- I-pH ngumlinganiselo wokuba amanzi aneasidi/ayisiseko kangakanani na.
- Uluhlu luvela kwi-0 ukuya kwi-14, kunye ne-7 engathathi hlangothi.
Ziziphi izinto zealkaline?
- Izinto ezinesiseko okanye i-alkaline pH: i-pH enkulu kune-7.
Kuthetha ukuthini xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-alkaline?
- Ukuba into ethile inealkaline ithetha ukuba ihlwempuzekile kwi-H+ (okanye zizityebi kwiziseko ze-OH-, eyenza ukuba iH+).
- Kuyo yonke le nto, Iziseko, kwelinye icala, zizinto ezinepH enkulu kuno-7., ezithi kwizisombululo ezimanzi zihlala zibonelela ngeeion zehydroxyl (OH-) esiphakathini. Zidla ngokuba zii-oxidants ezinamandla, oko kukuthi, zisabela ngeeprotons ezivela kwindawo engqongileyo.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-pH kunye nexabiso le-pOH
Zinxulumana njani kwaye yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo yeph kunye ne-poh?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, umsebenzi we-ion uxhomekeke kugxininiso lwe-ion kwaye oku kuchazwe kwi-equation
i-pH/poH ion umsebenzi equation
phi,
-Umsebenzi we-hydrogen ion
-I-coefficient yomsebenzi we-ion ye-hydrogen
-Ugxininiso lwe-hydrogen ion
I-coefficient yomsebenzi ngumsebenzi wogxininiso lwe-ion kwaye isondela kwi-1 njengoko isisombululo siyancipha ngakumbi.
Kwizisombululo ze-dilute (ezifanelekileyo), umgangatho osemgangathweni we-solute yi-1,00 M, ngoko i-molarity yayo ilingana nomsebenzi wayo.
Ke, kwiingxaki ezininzi ezithatha izisombululo ezifanelekileyo, sinokusebenzisa i-logarithm ukuya kwisiseko se-10 soxinzelelo lwe-molar, hayi umsebenzi.
Umahluko phakathi kwexabiso le-pH kunye ne-pOH
Lithini ixabiso le-pH eliqhelekileyo?
- Ngandlela ithile, i-pH ngumlinganiselo lowo isetyenziselwa ukuseka inqanaba le-asidi okanye i-alkalinity yesisombululo. I "p" imele "ithuba", yiyo loo nto i-pH ibizwa ngokuba: amandla e-hydrogen.
Yintoni ixabiso le-pOH?
- Kwelakho icala. I-pOH ngumlinganiselo wokuxinana kwee-ion ze-hydroxyl kwisisombululo. Ichazwa njengesiseko se-10 ye-logarithm engathandekiyo yoxinaniso lwe-ion ye-hydroxyl kwaye, ngokungafaniyo ne-pH, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa inqanaba le-alkalinity yesisombululo.
Ibalwa njani i-pH okanye ixabiso le-pOH?
Ithini ifomula yamaxabiso omlinganiselo weph?
- Njengoko sele kusaziwa, kwintsimi yenzululwazi, i pH ngumlinganiselo de iiyoni ngaphakathi de isisombululo. Kusenokufuneka wenze njalo bala pH ngokusekelwe kugxininiso. Bala i pH Ukusebenzisa i-equation ye pH: pH = -log[H3O+].
Ithini ifomula yokubala i-pOH?
- Kwakhona i pOH (okanye i-OH inokwenzeka) ngumlinganiselo wesiseko okanye i-alkalinity yesisombululo. Kwakhona se isebenzisa pH = – log [H3O+] ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwee-ion ze-hydronium [H3O+].
IiEquations eziphambili ukubala i-pH okanye ixabiso le-pOH
- pH=−log[H3O+]
- pOH=−log[OH−]
- [H3O+] = 10-pH
- [oh-] = 10-pOH
- pH + pOH =pKw = 14.00 ngo-25 °C.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwesikali samaxabiso e-pH kunye neso se-pOH?
Ukungalingani phakathi kwamaxabiso esikali se-pH
- Kwelinye icala, isikali se-pH sinikeza amaxabiso e-asidi ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-6 ngelixa isikali se-pOH sinika amaxabiso e-asidi ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwi-14.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikali se-pH sinikeza amaxabiso asisiseko ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwi-14, ngelixa isikali se-pOH sinika amaxabiso asisiseko ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-6.
Logarithm isikali ubudlelwane beph kunye ne-pOH kunye neenqobo zabo
ph kunye ne-pOH udibaniso lwesikali esinemibala kunye namaxabiso
- pH yilogarithm yoxinaniso lwee-H ions+, nophawu olutshintshileyo:
- Ngokufanayo, chaza pOH njengelogarithm yoxinaniso lwe-OH ion-, kunye nophawu olutshintshileyo: Ubudlelwane obulandelayo bunokusekwa phakathi kwe pH kunye pOH.
- Ngokusisiseko, amaxabiso e-pH anika i-logarithm engalunganga yoxinaniso lwe-ion ye-hydrogen, ngelixa ixabiso le-pOH linika i-logarithm engalunganga yoxinzelelo lwe-ion ye-hydroxide.
Umahluko phakathi kwesikali se-pH kunye nexabiso le-pOH
Ukungangqinelani phakathi kwetheyibhile yexabiso le-ph kunye nexabiso le-pOH
Emva koko, sikunika imuvi apho unokubona ukuba i-pH ilinganisa ukugxilwa kwe-hydrogen ion, ngelixa i-pOH ilinganisa ukugxilwa kwe-hydroxyl anion okanye i-hydroxide ion.