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Kodi acidic ndi pH yoyambira imatanthauza chiyani?

Acid ndi pH yoyambira: Dziwani zikhulupiriro ndi tanthauzo lakupeza mtengo umodzi kapena wina kutengera yankho (makamaka makamaka pa maiwe osambira).

Acidic ndi mfundo zoyambira za pH
Malingaliro a acid-base a pH

En Ok Pool Kusintha, mu gawo ili mkati mwa Maiwe osambira a pH level Tiyankha funso ili: Kodi acidic ndi pH yoyambira imatanthauza chiyani?

Kodi pH mu dziwe ndi chiyani ndipo milingo yake iyenera kukhala bwanji?

dziwe pH mlingo

Kodi pH ya dziwe ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungakulitsire

ph pool yotsika kwambiri

Kodi pH yabwino imatanthawuza chiyani pamadzi osambira (7,2-7,4)

Mawu akuti pH amaimira kuthekera kwa haidrojeni ndipo ndi muyeso womwe umasonyeza acidity kapena maziko a madzi.

Kotero, pH imatanthawuza kuthekera kwa haidrojeni, mtengo womwe umafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa haidrojeni m'madzi mu dziwe lanu ndipo ndiye coefficient yomwe ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa acidity kapena maziko amadzi. Chifukwa chake, pH imayang'anira kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma H + ma ion m'madzi, kudziwa mawonekedwe ake acidic kapena oyambira.

Kuchuluka kwa pH yamadzi osambira

alkaline ph mu dziwe
Zifukwa zosagwirizana ndi pH mu maiwe osambira
Kuchuluka kwa pH yamadzi osambira

Kodi mulingo wa pH wa madzi amadzimadzi umaphatikizapo zinthu ziti?

  • Mulingo wa pH umaphatikizapo miyeso kuyambira 0 mpaka 14.
  • Makamaka kukhala 0 wa acidic kwambiri, 14 wofunikira kwambiri ndikuyika Neutral pH pa 7.
  • Kuyeza uku kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni a haidrojeni (H+) m'chinthucho.
Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira pH?
Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira pH?

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira pH?

pH ndi muyeso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza acidity kapena maziko a yankho lamadzi. Kaya njira yamadzimadzi imagwira ntchito ngati asidi kapena maziko zimatengera zomwe zili mu ayoni wa haidrojeni (H+).

Komabe, ngakhale madzi oyera komanso osalowerera ndale amakhala ndi ma hydrogen ions chifukwa chodzipatula pamadzi.

H_2O \utali kumanzere kumanja H^+ + OH^-

Zimadziwika kuti pamlingo wokhazikika (750 mmHg ndi 25 ° C), 1 L yamadzi oyera imakhala ndi 10^{-7} mol H^+ y 10^{-7} mol O^- ions, motero, madzi pa kutentha kwapakati ndi kuthamanga (STP) ali ndi pH ya 7.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati pH ya dziwe lathu SIKUYANGIDWA

high ph pool fallout

Dziwani zotsatira za pH dziwe lapamwamba komanso zomwe zimayambitsa pH yayikulu padziwe lanu

momwe mungachepetse ph padziwe

Momwe Mungatsitsire Dziwe Lapamwamba kapena Lamchere pH

Maupangiri amomwe mungasamalire dziwe kuwonjezera pa pH: kuyeretsa madzi ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Kodi pH ya yankho ingakhale bwanji?

pH ya yankho
pH ya yankho

pH ya yankho

pH imayimira "mphamvu ya haidrojeni" kapena "mphamvu ya haidrojeni." PH ndi choyipa cha maziko a 10 logarithm a ntchito ya hydrogen ion.
\ce {pH} = -\log_{10}(a_{\ce {H^+}})=\log10}\left({\frac {1}{a_{{\ce {H^+}}}} }}\kumanja)

Komabe, m'mavuto ambiri amankhwala sitigwiritsa ntchito ma ayoni a haidrojeni, koma ndende ya molar kapena molarity.

kusiyana pakati pa ph ndi poh

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pH ili bwanji

Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti pH sikelo ndi logarithmic.

Choncho, zikutanthauza kuti kusiyana ndi njira imodzi kusiyana ndi dongosolo la magnitude, kapena kakhumi ndi inversely limasonyeza ndende ya ayoni haidrojeni mu yankho.

Chifukwa chake, pH yotsika ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa haidrojeni ndi mosemphanitsa.

Kodi acidic ndi pH yoyambira imatanthauza chiyani?

Kodi ma acid ndi oyambira omwe ali mu pH ndi chiyani

Ma acid amphamvu ndi maziko amphamvu ndi zinthu zomwe, pazolinga zonse, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ayoni m'madzi.

Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa haidrojeni munjira zotere kumatha kuonedwa ngati kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi.

Kuwerengera pH kumakhala kosavuta
pH=-logi_{10}[H^+]

Kuwerengera kwa pH pogwiritsa ntchito ndende ya molar ndikosiyana kwa asidi amphamvu / m'munsi ndi asidi / maziko ofooka.

Acidic, neutral ndi alkaline pH values

Kuyika kwa Scale ya pH Values

pH mlingo
pH mlingo

Kodi pH values ​​ndi chiyani

dziwe ph
ph pisci6 ndi chiyani

Mulingo wa pH umachokera ku 1 mpaka 14, pH 7 kukhala yankho losalowerera ndale.

Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti pH ndi mtengo womwe umawonetsedwa pamlingo wa logarithmic pakati pa 0 (yambiri acidic) ndi 14 (zamchere kwambiri); Pakatikati timapeza mtengo wa 7 wotchulidwa ngati wosalowerera.

pH scale universal pH chizindikiro

pH scale universal pH chizindikiro
pH scale universal pH chizindikiro

Kodi zikutanthawuza chiyani kuti chinthu chili ndi acidic kapena alkaline pH level?

Kodi ma acid ndi maziko ndi chiyani?

Acids ndi maziko ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo m'chilengedwe ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi pH yawo, ndiye kuti, ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity kapena alkalinity. Kudziwa ngati zinthu zili acidic kapena zamchere zimayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity kapena zamchere zomwe zimayezedwa kudzera mu sikelo ya pH ndipo zimayambira pa 0 (zokhala acidic kwambiri mpaka 14 (zamchere kwambiri). komabe ali ndi ntchito zambiri zamafakitale ndi anthu.

Momwe zinthu zimagawidwira kutengera kukula kwa pH

Kugawika kwa zinthu mu ma acid kapena alkaline malinga ndi pH mtengo

Momwemonso, acidity ndi alkalinity ndi mawu awiri omwe amayankha njira yogawira momwe zinthu zilili.

kodi pool ph value imatanthauza chiyani
kodi pool ph value imatanthauza chiyani
  • Momwemonso, tikulimbikiranso kuti, Mulingo wa pH umachokera ku 1 mpaka 14, pH 7 kukhala yankho losalowerera ndale.
  • Ngati pH ili yochepera 7, yankho lake ndi acidic., asidi kwambiri m'pamenenso amatsitsa pH mtengo pa chifukwa chimenecho a asidi ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kupereka ma protoni (H+) kupita ku mankhwala ena.
  • M'malo mwake, ngati pH ndi yaikulu kuposa 7, yankho limatchedwa Basic (kapena alkaline) ndipo idzakhala yofunikira kwambiri pakukweza kwake pH; ndi monga zawonetsedwa m'munsi ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kugwira ma protoni (H+) ya mankhwala ena.

Zomwe zili zamchere kapena zoyambira molingana ndi pH sikelo

ph values ​​katundu
ph values ​​katundu

Kodi zinthu za acidic ndi chiyani?

  • Acid pH mlingo: pH zosakwana 7
Kodi pH imatanthauza chiyani ndi acidic?
  • Kuti chinthu ndi acidic zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi H+ (ma hydrogen ions): pH wamkulu kuposa 7
  • Chifukwa chake, Acids ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi pH zosakwana 7. (pH yamadzi yofanana ndi 7, yomwe imatengedwa kuti salowerera ndale), yomwe chemistry yake imakhala ndi ayoni ambiri a haidrojeni powonjezera madzi. Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zinthu zina potaya ma protoni (H+).

Kodi zinthu zopanda ndale ndi chiyani?

  • Phindu losalowerera ndale: pH yofanana ndi 7-
Kodi pH imatanthauza chiyani?
  • PH ndi muyeso wa momwe madzi aliri acidic / maziko ake.
  • Mtunduwu umachokera ku 0 mpaka 14, ndipo 7 salowerera ndale.

Kodi zinthu zamchere ndi chiyani?

  • Zinthu zomwe zili ndi maziko kapena zamchere pH: pH yoposa 7.
Kodi pH imatanthauza chiyani pamene mtengo uli wamchere?
  • Kuti chinthu ndi alkaline zikutanthauza kuti ndi osauka H+ (kapena olemera mu OH maziko-, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti H+).
  • Mwa zonsezi, Maziko, kumbali ina, ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi pH yoposa 7., omwe m'madzi amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amapereka ma hydroxyl ions (OH-) pakati. Amakonda kukhala oxidants amphamvu, ndiko kuti, amachitira ndi ma protoni ochokera kumadera ozungulira.

Kodi acidity ndi alkalinity ndi chiyani?

Kodi acidity ndi alkalinity mu chakudya ndi chiyani

Kenako, muvidiyoyi mudzadziwitsidwa za kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe timadya tsiku ndi tsiku koma,

  • Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake zokometsera zina zimakopa chidwi chathu kuposa ena?
  • Zonunkhira monga mchere, buledi, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, timadziti, ngakhale sosi.
  • Zachitika ndi chiyani?
  • Tikufotokozerani zonsezi ndi zina pakali pano muzojambula.
Kodi acidity ndi alkalinity mu chakudya ndi chiyani

Malingaliro a acidic ndi maziko a pH

acidic ndi pH yoyambira
acidic ndi pH yoyambira

Malingaliro a acid-base a pH

Kodi Arrhenius pH Theory ndi chiyani?

arrhenius theory pH acid ndi maziko
arrhenius theory pH acid ndi maziko

zoperekedwa ndi swedish Svante Arrhenius mu 1884, ndiye tanthauzo loyamba lamakono la ma acid ndi maziko m'mawu a molekyulu.

Arrhenius acid ph chiphunzitso

Zinthu zomwe zimasiyana m'madzi kupanga ma hydrogen cations (H+).

Arrhenius Basic pH chiphunzitso

Zinthu zomwe zimalekanitsa m'madzi kupanga hydroxide anions (OH-).

PHUNZIRO YA ARRHENIUS Kodi asidi ndi chiyani? Maziko ndi chiyani?

Arrhenius acid ndi kanema woyambira wa pH theory

https://youtu.be/sHTN9jciLrU
Arrhenius acidic and Basic pH theory

Brønsted-Lowry ph chiphunzitso

Kodi chiphunzitso cha Brønsted-Lowry cha pH ndi chiyani?

pH acid-base theory Brønsted-Lowry
pH acid-base theory Brønsted-Lowry

Adaperekedwa mu 1923 paokha ndi a Danish Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted ndi English Martin lowry, yachokera pa lingaliro la conjugate acid-base pairs.

Pamene asidi, HA, imachita ndi maziko, B, asidiyo amapanga maziko ake a conjugate, A.-, ndipo maziko ake amapanga asidi wa conjugate, HB+, posinthanitsa pulotoni (malo H+):

HA+B⇌A−+HB+

Brønsted-Lowry acid ph chiphunzitso

Zinthu pH acid: yokhoza kupereka ma protoni (H+) ku maziko:

HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+

Basic pH theory Brønsted-Lowry

Zomwe zili ndi pH yoyambira: yokhoza kuvomereza ma protoni (H+asidi):

B+H2O⇌HB++OH−

Chiphunzitsochi chimatengedwa ngati a kuphatikiza za chiphunzitso cha Arrhenius.

BRÖNSTED-LOWRY THEORY Kodi asidi ndi chiyani? Maziko ndi chiyani?

pH chiphunzitso kanema BRÖNSTED-LOWRY

https://youtu.be/Uo2UVgVOq-0
Ph BRÖNSTED-LOWRY chiphunzitso

Tanthauzo la magwiridwe antchito a miyeso yotheka ya pH

acidic ndi zofunika pH chakudya
acidic ndi zofunika pH chakudya

Kodi ACIDITY ndi ALKALINITY ndi chiyani?

Kodi acidic ndi pH yoyambira imatanthauza chiyani?

Kodi acidic ndi pH yoyambira ndi chiyani?
pepala la litmus kuyeza pH
pepala la litmus kuyeza pH

asidi pH

  • Poyambirira, titha kupeza yankho ndi pH acidic: chinthu chomwe chimatembenuza pepala la buluu la litmus kukhala lofiira, chimagwira ndi zitsulo zina, kupanga mchere ndikutulutsa haidrojeni (exothermic reaction).
  • Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zili ndi acidic pH zimabwereketsa mtengo pakati pa 0 ndi 7.

pH mtengo woyambira

phenolphthalein kuyesa pH
phenolphthalein kuyesa pH
  • Chachiwiri, pali Base pH: Chinthu chomwe chimasandulika pepala lofiira la litmus kukhala buluu ndi kutembenukira pinki pamene achita ndi phenolphthalein.
  • Komano, onetsani kuti ali ndi pH yapakati pa 7 ndi 14.

ndale pH

pH yopanda malire
pH yopanda malire
  • Pomaliza, chinthu chomwe chili ndi muyeso wa pH wosalowerera ndale ndi chomwe sichichita ndi zizindikiro za acid-base.
  • Komanso, pH ya zinthu izi ndi yofanana ndi 7.

Zinthu zokhala ndi acidic pH yolimba

asidi pH zinthu
asidi pH zinthu
kusiyana pakati pa acidic ph ndi poh

Kuyeza mayankho a asidi mu pH

Kodi ma acid acid ali bwanji mu pH

  • Ma Acid amatulutsa ayoni a haidrojeni, kotero kuti njira zawo zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi ayoni ambiri a haidrojeni kuposa madzi osalowerera ndipo amawonedwa ngati acidic pansi pa pH 7.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakonda kwambiri za asidi za pH

dziwe losambira la hydrochloric acid
Kodi hydrochloric acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji m'madziwe osambira?

Pali ma asidi asanu ndi awiri okha amphamvu omwe amapezeka:

  1. - hydrochloric acid HCl
  2. - nitric acid HNO3
  3. - sulfuric acid H2SO4
  4. - hydrobromic acid HBr
  5. - HI hydroiodic acid
  6. - perchloric acid HClO4
  7. - chloric acid HClO3
asidi pH
asidi pH

Mphamvu ya pH ya asidi

acid acid pH formula

Mphamvu ya asidi pH formula: [HNO3] = [H3O+], ndi pH = -log[H3O+].

Werengani ph pa intaneti amphamvu asidi

Werengani pH ya njira yolimba ya asidi.

formula kuwerengera amphamvu asidi pH

Zinthu zomwe zili ndi pH yolimba

zinthu zofunika pH
zinthu zofunika pH

Kuyeza kwa mayankho oyambira mu pH

kusiyana pakati pa maziko a ph ndi poh

Kodi ma acid acid ali bwanji mu pH

Makhalidwe azinthu okhala ndi pH yoyambira

  • Maziko amavomereza ayoni a haidrojeni (amamangiriza ku ma ayoni ena a haidrojeni omwe amapangidwa ndi kupasuka kwa madzi), kotero kuti mayankho awo amadzimadzi amakhala ndi ma ion a haidrojeni ochepa kuposa madzi osalowerera ndale ndipo amawonedwa ngati ofunika pamwamba pa pH 7.
maziko amphamvu ph
maziko amphamvu ph

Fomula yowerengera pH yolimba

acid acid pH formula

Mphamvu ya asidi pH formula: [HNO3] = [H3O+], ndi pH = -log[H3O+].

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakonda kwambiri za asidi za pH

Palibenso maziko amphamvu ambiri, ndipo ena mwa iwo sasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Zomwe zimasungunuka ndizo

asidi pH chinthu
asidi pH chinthu
  • - sodium hydroxide NaOH
  • - potassium hydroxide KOH
  • - lithiamu hydroxide LiOH
  • - rubidium hydroxide RbOH
  • - cesium hydroxide CsOH

Kuwerengera kwamphamvu kwa pH yoyambira

Kuwerengera kwa pH yolimba

Werengerani pH ya njira yolimba yoyambira.

Zinthu ndi ma formula okhala ndi acidic ofooka kapena pH yoyambira

pH ya asidi ofooka ndi maziko
pH ya asidi ofooka ndi maziko

Kodi pH imakhala bwanji ndi acid / maziko ofooka

Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha ma asidi ofooka ndi maziko ndikuti amasiyanitsidwa pang'ono m'madzi. Mgwirizano umakhazikitsidwa pakati pa njira zopita patsogolo ndi zobwerera, kufika pamalo okhazikika omwe mlingo wa dissociation umadalira mphamvu ya asidi kapena maziko.

makhalidwe ofooka zidulo ndi maziko
makhalidwe ofooka zidulo ndi maziko

Ma asidi / zoyambira zofooka zimangolekanitsidwa pang'ono m'madzi. Kupeza pH ya asidi ofooka kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

asidi ofooka pH
asidi ofooka pH

Ofooka Acid pH Fomula

ofooka asidi pH formula

pH equation imakhalabe yofanana: pH = -log[H^+], koma muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito asidi dissociation nthawi zonse (Ka) kupeza [H+].

Formula ya Ka ndi:
K_a =\frac{[H^+][B^-]}{[HB]}

pati:
[H^+] - kuchuluka kwa H + ions
[B^-] - kuchuluka kwa ma conjugated base ions
[HB] - kuchuluka kwa ma molekyulu a asidi osagwirizana
kuti achite HB \lamanzere kumanja H^+ + B^-

Werengani pH ya njira yofooka ya asidi.

Werengani pH ya njira yofooka ya asidi.

Werengani pH ya njira yofooka ya asidi.
ofooka maziko pH
ofooka maziko pH

Njira yofooka ya pH yoyambira

Fomula yopezera pH ya maziko ofooka

Kodi pH ya maziko ofooka amawerengedwa bwanji?

Pambuyo popeza pOH kuchokera pamwamba pa fomula ya pOH, the pH mungathe kuwerengetsa pogwiritsa ntchito formula pH =pKw - pOH pomwe pK w = 14.00.

Kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wa pH ndi pOH

kusiyana pakati pa ph ndi poh

Kusiyana pakati pa miyeso ya pH ndi poH

ph ndi poh value scale
ph ndi poh value scale

Kodi pH yabwinobwino ndi iti?

  • Mwanjira ina, pH ndi muyeso womwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mulingo wa acidity kapena alkalinity ya yankho. "P" imayimira "kuthekera", ndichifukwa chake pH imatchedwa: kuthekera kwa haidrojeni.

Kodi mtengo wa pOH ndi chiyani?

  • Kwa inu. pOH ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa ayoni a hydroxyl mu yankho. Imawonetsedwa ngati maziko a 10 negative logarithm ya hydroxyl ion concentration ndipo, mosiyana ndi pH, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mulingo wa alkalinity wa yankho.

Werengetsani ofooka maziko pH

Kuwerengera kwa pH yofooka

kuwerengera maziko ofooka pH

Kuchuluka Kwama Acid ndi Maziko

Kuchuluka Kwama Acid ndi Maziko
Kuchuluka Kwama Acid ndi Maziko

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amphamvu ndi ofooka acidic ndi pH yoyambira

ofooka ndi amphamvu acidic ndi zofunika pH makhalidwe
ofooka ndi amphamvu acidic ndi zofunika pH makhalidwe

Kodi kugawika kwa pH yamphamvu ndi yofooka komanso yoyambira kumadalira chiyani?

Kutengera momwe ionized kapena dissociated asidi kapena maziko ali, timasiyanitsa amphamvu ndi ofooka zidulo/zoyambira, mawu ofotokoza za malo ku kuyendetsa galimoto la magetsi (chifukwa cha kupezeka kwakukulu kapena kochepa kwa ayoni mu yankho).

Gulu la ma ASIDI AMALIMBITSA NDIPONSO ZOSAVUTA, digiri ya kudzipatula ndi pH Zitsanzo

Gulu la pH lofooka ndi asidi wamphamvu ndi bastion

Gulu la ma ASIDI AMALIMBITSA NDIPONSO ZOSAVUTA, digiri ya kudzipatula ndi pH Zitsanzo

Mlingo wa ionization wa acidic ndi pH yoyambira

pH kuwerengera ionization wa zidulo ndi maziko
pH kuwerengera ionization wa zidulo ndi maziko

Kodi mlingo wa ionization kapena dissociation wa acidic ndi zofunika pH ndi chiyani

Amatchedwanso digiri ya dissociation, α, amatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha pakati pa kuchuluka kwa asidi ionized / m'munsi ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi / maziko oyambirira:

áá = kuchuluka kwa asidi ionized / maziko / kuchuluka kwa asidi / maziko

Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati peresenti (%).

Kodi digiri ya ionization kapena dissociation ya acidic ndi pH yoyambira imatanthauza chiyani?

https://youtu.be/D_Q6jzyDJDo
https://youtu.be/D_Q6jzyDJDo

asidi amphamvu ndi maziko

Wodzaza ndi ionized (α≈1). Amayendetsa magetsi bwino.

  • Acids: HClO4, HI(aq), HBr(aq), HCl(aq), H2SO4 (1st ionization) ndi HNO3.
  • Zoyambira: Ma hydroxide a zitsulo zamchere zamchere ndi zamchere.

Ma asidi ofooka ndi maziko

Ma ionized pang'ono: α <1. Amayendetsa magetsi molakwika.

  • Acids: HF (aq), H2S (aq), H2CO3, H2SO3, H3PO4, H.N.O.2 ndi ma organic acid, monga C3KULAMBIRA.
  • maziko: NH3 (kapena NH4OH) ndi maziko a nitrogenous organic, monga ma amines.

Dissociation nthawi zonse pH zidulo ndi maziko

Kodi kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa pH yoyambira ndi acidic ndi chiyani?

Ndi muyeso wa kukakamiza a asidi / maziko mu yankho:

ACIDBASE
KULINGALIRAHA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+B+H2O⇌HB++OH−
CONSTANTKa=[A−][H3O+][HA]KB=[HB+][OH−][B]
Malingaliro a kampani COLOGARHYTHMpKa=−log⁡KapKb=−log⁡Kb
Acid-base dissociation nthawi zonse ndi pH

Mphamvu yofananira ya acidic ndi pH yoyambira

Acidic ndi pH yokhazikika

pH acid base mphamvu wachibale

Ion balance madzi

ndi amphoteric chiyani
ndi amphoteric chiyani

Kodi amphoteric ndi chiyani

amphoteric ndi chiyani

Mu chemistry, chinthu cha amphoteric ndi chomwe chimatha kuchita ngati asidi kapena maziko.ku

kodi mawuwo achokera kuti amphoteric

Mawuwa amachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti amphi- (αμφu-), kutanthauza 'onse'. Zitsulo zambiri (monga zinki, malata, lead, aluminiyamu, ndi beryllium) ndi metalloids ambiri ali ndi oxides kapena hydroxides amphoteric.

Madzi ndi chinthu cha amphiprotic
Madzi ndi chinthu cha amphiprotic

Madzi ndi chinthu cha amphiprotic 

Zikutanthauza chiyani kuti Madzi ndi amphiprotic substance 

El madzi ndi chinthu amphiprotic (atha kupereka kapena kuvomereza proton H+), yomwe imalola kuti ikhale ngati asidi kapena maziko (amphotericism).

Madzi a ionic balance formula

madzi ndi amphiprotic
madzi ndi amphiprotic

El ionic bwino madzi amatanthauza momwe mamolekyu awiri amadzi amachitira kuti apange ayoni oxonium (H3O+) ndi ion hydroxide (oo-):

The equilibrium constant, yotchedwa ionic mankhwala a madzi, ndipo amatchulidwa ndi Kw, akhoza kuyerekezedwa ndi malonda:

Kw=[H3O+][OH−]

Pa 25 ° C:

[H3O+]=[OH−]=10−7M⇒Kw=10−14

pH, pOH ndi ionic mankhwala a madzi (Kw). ACID-BASE

Zizindikiro za pH za acid-base

Zizindikiro za pH za acid-base
Zizindikiro za pH za acid-base

Un chizindikiro pH ndi mankhwala ophatikizika halochromic (amasintha mtundu wake -kukhotetsa- isanasinthe pH) yomwe imawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono ku yankho kuti muwone pH yake (acidity kapena basicity). Kusintha kwa mtundu kumatchedwa tembenuka.

Litmus

Kusakaniza kwamadzi kosungunuka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotengedwa kuchokera ndere. Kulowetsedwa pa pepala losefera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri za pH zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (∼ 1300).

Methyl Orange

Zokongola azo derivative zomwe zimasintha kuchokera ku red kupita ku lalanje-yellow mkati acid medium:

Phenolphthalein

Chizindikiro cha pH chopanda utoto mu sing'anga ya asidi chomwe chimasanduka pinki Basic medium:

chizindikiro cha chilengedwe chonse

Kusakaniza kwa zizindikiro (thymol blue, methyl red, bromothymol blue, ndi phenolphthalein) zomwe zimasonyeza kusintha kwa mtundu wochepa pa pH yamtengo wapatali.

Universal pH chizindikiro
Universal pH chizindikiro

Ma acid-base neutralization titrations

pH neutralization volumetry
pH neutralization volumetry

Acid-base titration/titration ndi njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala

Kodi asidi ndi basci pH titration chemical analysis njira ndi chiyani

Una acid-base titration/titration ndi njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa asidi kapena maziko (analyte), kusokoneza ndendende ndi yankho lokhazikika la maziko kapena asidi odziwika bwino (wolimba mtima).

volumetric botolo asidi ndi zofunika pH neutralization
volumetric botolo asidi ndi zofunika pH neutralization

Mpiringidzo wa 25 mL wa 0.1 M acetic acid wokhala ndi 0.1 M sodium hydroxide.

Neutralization: zomwe zimachitika pakati pa chisakanizo cha asidi ndi maziko

neutralization reaction pakati pa ma acid ndi maziko
neutralization reaction pakati pa ma acid ndi maziko

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutasakaniza asidi ndi maziko?

Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa asidi ndi maziko zimatchedwa neutralization.

  • Kusalowerera ndale nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa. que tanthauzo que Amapereka mphamvu ngati kutentha.
  •  Se nthawi zambiri amawatcha kuti kusalowerera ndale chifukwa pochita a asidi ndi m'munsi,
  • Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa ma acid ndi maziko zimatchedwa neutralization. ndipo mochulukira amachotsa acidic kapena zofunikira zamagulu onse awiri, ndiko kuti, amasokoneza wina ndi mnzake. kutulutsa madzi ndi mchere m'malo mwake.

Kusakaniza kwa asidi ndi maziko kumadziletsa, pH siyenera kukhala ndale.

  • Chifukwa chomwe chisakanizo cha asidi ndi maziko amadzichepetsera pH sikuyenera kukhala ndale chimakhazikika chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi ndi / kapena maziko kuti pH imatsimikiziridwa.
  • M'malo mwake, Ngati mtengo wa H+ ndi oh- chimodzimodzi, yankho limakhala lopanda ndale chifukwa amachitirana wina ndi mzake kupanga madzi (H+ + UWU- →H20).

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a asidi ndi maziko ake, milandu inayi imasiyanitsidwa:

  1. Poyamba asidi amphamvu + maziko amphamvu
  2. asidi ofooka + maziko amphamvu
  3. asidi wamphamvu + maziko ofooka
  4. Ndipo pomaliza, ofooka asidi + ofooka maziko

Kodi acidic and basic pH neutralization reaction ndi chiyani?

Pochita za neutralization, asidi ndi maziko amachita chimodzimodzi osasinthika kupanga mchere ndi madzi:

ACID + BASE ⟶ Mchere + MADZI

Neutralization ndi kusintha kwa acid-base reaction

Kutengera ngati titrant ndi asidi wamphamvu kapena maziko, pH pamlingo wofanana idzakhala:

ANALYTE/WAMTENGOwamphamvu/ wamphamvuMaziko Ofooka a Acid / AmphamvuOfooka Base / Asidi Amphamvu
pH (EQUIVALENCE)7> 7<7
INDICATOR (kutembenukira pakati)ndaleZofunikiraAcid
Neutralization ndi kusintha kwa acid-base reaction

Momwe Mungawerengere pH ya Solution

ph value sikelo formula
ph value sikelo formula

Kodi pH formula ndi chiyani?

Mu sayansi, pH ndiyeso ya ayoni mu yankho. Mutha kuwerengera pH kutengera ndende.

Fomula yowerengera pH

Kuwerengera pH pogwiritsa ntchito pH equation: pH = -log[H3O+].

Chowerengera cha pH cha maiwe osambira

Kanema amawerengera pH ya yankho

Mu 1909, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Danish Soren Sorensen anapereka mawu akuti pH kuti asonyeze "kuthekera kwa hydrogen ion". Anatanthauzira pH ngati logarithm ya [H+] yosinthidwa pachizindikiro. Kufotokozeranso ngati ntchito ya [H3O+].

kuwerengera pH ya yankho

Solution pH Calculator

Solution pH Calculator
Solution pH Calculator

PH ya Solution Calculator

Werengani pH ya yankho

Pansipa pali ma calculator awiri omwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti muwone mayankho azovuta zama chemistry.

  1. Woyamba amawerengera pH ya yankho la asidi wamphamvu o maziko amphamvu.
  2. Ndipo, wachiwiri amawerengera pH ya yankho la asidi ofooka o maziko ofooka.

Werengani pH ya asidi amphamvu/m'munsi

Chowerengera cha pH cha njira yolimba ya asidi/m'munsi

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Werengani pH ya njira yofooka ya asidi/base

Calculator ya pH ya asidi ofooka / njira yoyambira

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Voliyumu ya madzi a dziwe kapena chowerengera malita