En ʻOk Pool Reform, ma keia pauku iloko o ka Nā wai ʻauʻau pae pH E hana mākou i kēia nīnau: He aha ka manaʻo o ka acidic a me ka pH kumu?
Papa kuhikuhi o nā mea ʻaoʻao
He aha ka pH i loko o ka loko wai a pehea kona mau pae?
He aha ke ʻano o ka pH kūpono no nā loko ʻauʻau (7,2-7,4)
ʻO ka acronym pH ke kū nei no ka hydrogen hiki ke loaʻa a he ana ia e hōʻike ana i ka ʻakika a i ʻole ke kumu o ka wai.
No laila, ʻO ka pH e pili ana i ka hiki o ka hydrogen, kahi waiwai e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion hydrogen i loko o ka wai i loko o kou loko wai a no laila ʻo ia ka coefficient e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka acidity a i ʻole ke kumu o ka wai. No laila, ʻo ka pH ke kuleana o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion H+ i loko o ka wai, e hoʻoholo ana i kona ʻano ʻakika a kumu.
ʻO ka nui o nā waiwai pH o ka wai ʻauʻau
He aha nā waiwai i loaʻa i ka pākaukau pH wai wai?
- Aia ka helu pH i nā waiwai mai 0 a 14.
- ʻO ka 0 ka acidic loa, 14 ka mea maʻamau a kau i ka pH Neutral ma 7.
- Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia ana e ka helu o nā ion hydrogen manuahi (H+) i loko o ka mea.
No ke aha mākou e pono ai i ka pH?
ʻO ka pH kahi ana i hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka ʻakika a i ʻole ke kumu o kahi hoʻonā wai. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai wai ma ke ʻano he ʻakika a i ʻole ke kumu e pili ana i kāna ʻike o nā ion hydrogen (H+).
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka wai kūlohelohe kekahi mau ion hydrogen ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai.
Ua ʻike ʻia ma ke kaulike ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau (750 mmHg a me 25 ° C), 1 L o ka wai maʻemaʻe mole y mole ʻO nā ion, no laila, ʻo ka wai ma ka mahana maʻamau a me ke kaomi (STP) he pH o 7.
He aha kāu e hana ai inā ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pH o kā mākou loko
E ʻike i nā hopena wai kiʻekiʻe pH a me nā kumu o ka pH kiʻekiʻe i kāu loko
Pehea e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai i ka pH o ka loko wai a me ka mea e hana inā haʻahaʻa ka pae
Pehea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i kahi pH Pool kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole alkaline
Nā alakaʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka loko wai i ka pH: ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me ka disinfection
He alakaʻi maikaʻi no ka ʻike pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i kahi wai
ʻO ke alakaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i kahi wai me ka wai i ke kūlana kūpono
Pehea ka pH o ka hoʻonā?
pH o kahi hoʻonā
ʻO ka pH ka "hydrogen potential" a i ʻole "mana o ka hydrogen." ʻO ka pH ka ʻino o ka logarithm kumu 10 o ka hana hydrogen ion.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapa nui o nā pilikia kemika ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻohana i ka hana o nā ion hydrogen, akā ʻo ka molar concentration a molarity.
Pehea nā ʻokoʻa pH
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻike he logarithmic ka pae pH.
No laila, 'o ia ho'i, 'o ka 'oko'a ma kekahi 'ano 'oko'a ma ke kauoha o ka nui, a i 'ole he 'umi manawa a inversely hō'ike 'ana i ka 'ike o nā iona hydrogen i loko o ka ho'onā.
No laila, ʻo ka pH haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā ion hydrogen a me ka hope.
He aha nā mea ʻakika a me nā pūhui kumu i ka pH
ʻO nā ʻakika ikaika a me nā kumu ikaika he pūhui ia, no nā kumu hana āpau, e hoʻokaʻawale loa i kā lākou mau ion i ka wai.
No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke ʻano o nā ion hydrogen i loko o ia mau haʻina e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka waikawa.
Maʻalahi ka helu ʻana o ka pH
He ʻokoʻa ka helu ʻana o ka pH me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike molar no ka ʻakika ikaika/base a me ka ʻakika nāwaliwali/base.
ʻAkika, kūʻokoʻa a me ka alkaline pH waiwai
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pālākiō o nā waiwai pH
He aha nā waiwai pH
ʻO ka pālākiō pH mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 14, me ka pH 7 he hopena kūʻokoʻa.
No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pH kahi waiwai i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pālākiō logarithmic ma waena o nā waiwai 0 (ʻākaʻikaʻi loa) a me 14 (alkaline loa); Ma waena, ʻike mākou i ka waiwai 7 i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa.
Hōʻike pH ākea ākea
He aha ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pae pH acidic a alkaline paha?
He aha nā ʻakika a me nā kumu?
ʻO nā ʻakika a me nā kumu he mau mea i loko o ke ʻano a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ko lākou pae pH, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ko lākou pae o ka acidity a i ʻole alkalinity. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā he ʻakika a alkaline paha kekahi mea e ka degere o ka ʻakika a i ʻole ka alkalinity i ana ʻia ma ka pālākiō pH a mai ka 0 (ʻakika loa a hiki i ka 14 (alkaline loa). akā naʻe, he nui nā hana ʻoihana a me ke kanaka.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā mea ma muli o ka nui o nā waiwai pH
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea i loko o nā waikawa a i ʻole nā alkalines e like me ka waiwai pH
Pēlā nō, ʻo ka acidity a me ka alkalinity nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua e pane i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hopena o kekahi mea.
- Pela no, ke koi hou aku nei makou, ʻO ka pālākiō pH mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 14, me ka pH 7 he hopena kūʻokoʻa.
- Inā emi ka pH ma lalo o 7, he ʻakika ka hopena., ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waika e emi iho ka waiwai pH no ia kumu a ʻākika ʻO ia ka mea kemika hiki ke hāʻawi i nā protons (H+) i kekahi kemika.
- Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, inā ʻoi aku ka pH ma mua o 7, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻonā kumu (a i ʻole alkaline) a e lilo ia i mea maʻamau a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona pH; a e like me ka mea i hoikeia mai kumu ʻO ia ka mea kemika hiki ke hopu i nā protons (H+) o kekahi kemika.
He aha ka alkaline a kumu paha e like me ka pālākiō pH
He aha nā mea ʻakika?
- Pae pH ʻakika: pH emi ma lalo o 7
He aha ka manaʻo he waika ka pH waiwai?
- ʻO ka ʻakika o kahi mea, ʻo ia hoʻi he waiwai ia i ka H+ (iona hydrogen): ʻoi aku ka pH ma mua o 7
- No laila, ʻO nā waikawa nā mea me ka pH ma lalo o 7. (pH o ka wai e like me 7, i manaoia he ku ole), nona na kemika he nui na iona hydrogen ke hookomo i ka wai. Hoʻopili pinepine lākou me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka nalowale ʻana o nā protons (H+).
He aha nā mea kūʻokoʻa?
- Waiwai pH kūʻokoʻa: pH like me 7-
He aha ka manaʻo o ka pH kūʻokoʻa?
- ʻO ka pH kahi ana o ke ʻano o ka ʻakika/maʻa o ka wai.
- Mai ka 0 a hiki i ka 14 ka laulā, me ka 7 i kū ʻole.
He aha nā mea alkaline?
- Nā mea me ke kumu a i ʻole ka pH alkaline: ʻoi aku ka pH ma mua o 7.
He aha ka manaʻo inā he alkaline ka waiwai pH?
- ʻO ka alkaline ka mea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻilihune ia i ka H+ (a waiwai paha i nā kumu OH-, ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ka H+).
- No kēia mau mea a pau, ʻO nā kumu, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mau mea me ka pH ʻoi aku ma mua o 7., i loko o nā hā'ina wai e hā'awi mau i nā ion hydroxyl (OH-) ma ka waena. He mau oxidants ikaika lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hana nei lākou me nā protons mai ka mea a puni.
He aha ka acidity a me ka alkalinity?
He aha ka acidity a me ka alkalinity i ka meaʻai
A laila, ma ke wikiō e ʻike ʻia ʻoe e pili ana i ka helu pau ʻole o nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai i kēlā me kēia lā akā,
- Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe no ke aha e hopu ai kekahi mau mea ʻono i ko mākou manaʻo ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe?
- ʻO nā mea ʻono e like me ka paʻakai, ka berena, nā mea inu ʻoluʻolu, nā wai, a me nā ʻuala.
- No ke aha?
- E wehewehe mākou i kēia mau mea a me nā mea hou aku iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.
Nā manaʻo o ka acidic a me ka pH kumu
ʻO nā manaʻo acid-base o ka pH
He aha ka Arrhenius pH Theory?
ʻōlelo ʻia e ka Suedese Svante Arrhenius i ka makahiki 1884, ʻo ia ka wehewehe mua loa o nā ʻakika a me nā kumu ma nā huaʻōlelo molekala.
Arrhenius acid ph theory
ʻO ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka wai e hana i nā cation hydrogen (H+).
Arrhenius kumu kumu pH theory
ʻO ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka wai e hana i nā anion hydroxide (OH-).
ARRHENIUS THEORY He aha ka ʻakika? He aha ke kahua?
ʻO Arrhenius acid a me ka wikiō kumu pH kumu
Brønsted-Lowry ph theory
He aha ke kumumanaʻo Brønsted-Lowry o ka pH?
Noi ʻia i ka makahiki 1923 kūʻokoʻa e ka Denemaka Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted a me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania martin lowry, ma muli o ka manaʻo o conjugate acid-base pairs.
Ke hui ka waika, HA, me ke kumu, B, lilo ka waika i kona kumu hui, A.-, a hoʻokumu ke kumu i kona ʻakika conjugate, HB+, ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi proton (cation H+):
HA+B⇌A−+HB+
Brønsted-Lowry acid ph theory
Mea pH acid: hiki ke hāʻawi i nā protons (H+) i kumu:
HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+
ʻO ka manaʻo pH kumu ʻo Brønsted-Lowry
Mea me ka pH kumu: hiki ke ʻae i nā protons (H+) o ka waika:
B+H2O⇌HB++OH−
Manaʻo ʻia kēia manaʻo a laulaha ʻana o ka manao o ʻO Arrhenius.
BRÖNSTED-LOWRY THEORY He aha ka ʻakika? He aha ke kahua?
wikiō kumukānāwai pH BRÖNSTED-LOWRY
Nā wehewehe hana o nā ana pH hiki
He aha ka ACIDITY a me ka ALKALINITY?
He aha ka manaʻo o ka acidic a me ka pH kumu?
ʻakika pH
- ʻO ka mua, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi hopena me ka pH ʻakika: kahi mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka pepa litmus uliuli i ʻulaʻula, e hoʻopili me kekahi mau metala, e hana i ka paʻakai a hoʻokuʻu i ka hydrogen (exothermic reaction).
- Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea me ka pH acidic e hāʻawi i kahi waiwai ma waena o 0 a me 7.
kumu waiwai pH
- ʻO ka lua, aia nā PH kumu: He mea e hoʻololi i ka pepa litmus ʻulaʻula i polū a lilo i ʻulaʻula ke hana ʻia me ka phenolphthalein.
- Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike i ka waiwai pH ma waena o 7 a me 14.
kūlike ʻole pH
- ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka mea me kahi ana pH kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ia e pane me nā hōʻailona acid-base.
- Eia kekahi, ua like ka pH o kēia mau mea me 7.
Nā mea me ka pH acidic ikaika
ʻO nā ana o nā haʻina waika ma ka pH
Pehea ka nui o nā waiwai acidic i ka pH
- Hoʻokuʻu nā ʻakika i nā ion hydrogen, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ion hydrogen i loko o kā lākou mau hāʻina wai ma mua o ka wai kū ʻole a manaʻo ʻia he ʻakika ma lalo o ka pH 7.
He aha nā huahana pH acid ikaika maʻamau
ʻEhiku wale nō nā ʻakika ikaika maʻamau:
- – ka waikona hydrochloric HCl
- – ʻakika nitric HNO3
- – ʻakika sulfuric H2SO4
- - ka waika hydrobromic HBr
- – HI hydroiodic acid
- – perchloric acid HClO4
- – chloric acid HClO3
ʻO ke kumu pH waika ikaika
kaha pH ʻakika ikaika
ʻO ke kumu pH waika ikaika: [HNO3] = [H3O+], a me ka pH = -log[H3O+].
E helu i ka ph waika ikaika ma ka pūnaewele
E helu i ka pH o ka waiʻakika ikaika.
Nā mea me ka pH kumu ikaika
Nā ana o nā haʻina kumu ma ka pH
Pehea ka nui o nā waiwai acidic i ka pH
Nā mea waiwai me ka pH kumu
- ʻAe nā kumu i nā ion hydrogen (e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kekahi o nā ion hydrogen i hana ʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai), no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai i loko o ko lākou mau wai wai ma mua o ka wai kū ʻole a manaʻo ʻia he kumu ma luna o ka pH 7.
ʻO ke kumu e helu ai i ka pH kumu ikaika
kaha pH ʻakika ikaika
ʻO ke kumu pH waika ikaika: [HNO3] = [H3O+], a me ka pH = -log[H3O+].
He aha nā huahana pH acid ikaika maʻamau
ʻAʻole nui nā kumu ikaika, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi o lākou i ka wai. ʻO nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe
- – sodium hydroxide NaOH
- – ka pāhaʻuha wai koʻikoʻi KOH
- – lithium hydroxide LiOH
- – rubidium hydroxide RbOH
- – cesium hydroxide CsOH
Ka helu pH kumu ikaika
Ka helu ʻana i ka pH kumu ikaika
ʻO nā mea waiwai a me nā ʻano me ka ʻakika nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka pH kumu
Pehea ka waiwai o ka pH acid / base weak
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻakika nāwaliwali a me nā kumu, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi equilibrium ma waena o nā kaʻina hana i mua a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, a hiki i kahi kūlana paʻa e pili ana ka degere o ka dissociation i ka ikaika o ka waikawa a i ʻole ke kumu.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻakika/base nāwaliwali i ka wai. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pH o kahi waika nāwaliwali.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike pH ʻakika nāwaliwali
ʻano pH ʻakika nāwaliwali
Ua like ka pH hoohalike: , akā pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻakika mau (Ka) e imi [H+].
ʻO ke kumu no Ka penei:
ma hea:
- ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ion H+
- ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ion base conjugated
- ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā molekole waika i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia
no ka pane
E helu i ka pH o ka waiʻakika palupalu.
E helu i ka pH o ka waiʻakika palupalu.
Māmā kumu pH kumu
ʻO ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka pH o kahi kumu nāwaliwali
Pehea e helu ʻia ai ka pH o kahi kumu nāwaliwali?
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pOH mai ka hoʻohālikelike pOH i luna, ʻo ka pH Hiki iā'oe e helu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano pH =pKw – pOH kahi pK w = 14.00.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka waiwai o ka pH a me ka pOH
He aha ka waiwai pH maʻamau?
- Ma kahi ala, he ana ka pH i kēlā hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokumu i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka acidity a i ʻole ka alkalinity o kahi hopena. ʻO ka "p" ke kū nei no "potential", ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka pH: hiki i ka hydrogen.
He aha ka waiwai pOH?
- No kou aoao. ʻO ka pOH ke ana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ion hydroxyl i loko o kahi haʻina. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kumu 10 logarithm maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻona hydroxyl ion a, ʻaʻole like me ka pH, hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka pae alkalinity o kahi hopena.
E helu i ka pH kumu nāwaliwali
Ka helu pH kumu nawaliwali
Ka ikaika pili o nā ʻakika a me nā kumu
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka acidic ikaika a nāwaliwali a me ka pH kumu
He aha ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka acidic ikaika a nāwaliwali a me ka pH kumu?
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ionized a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka waika a i ʻole ka base, ʻokoʻa mākou ma waena nā ʻakika/base ikaika a nāwaliwali, hua'ōlelo e wehewehe ana i ka oluolu i ka hoʻokele la ka lewa (Mahalo i ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā ion i loko o ka hopena).
KA IKAIKA IKAIKA A ME KA WEAK ACIDS AME BASE ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, degere o ka dissociation a me ka pH
Hoʻokaʻawale pH nāwaliwali a me ka ikaika ikaika a me ka bastion
Degere o ka ionization o ka acidic a me ka pH kumu
He aha ke ʻano o ka ionization a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka acidic a me ka pH kumu
Kāheaʻia nō hoʻi degere o ka hemo ana, α, ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka lakiō ma waena o ka nui o ka waikona ionized/base a me ka nui o ka acid/base mua:
ááα=ka nui o ka waikawa ionized/base/ka nui o ka waika mua/base
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka (%).
He aha ke ʻano o ka ionization a i ʻole dissociation o ka ʻakika a me ka pH kumu?
nā ʻakika ikaika a me nā kumu
Ionized piha (α≈1). Hoʻokele maikaʻi lākou i ka uila.
- Nā ʻakika: HClO4, HI(aq), HBr(aq), HCl(aq), H2SO4 (1st ionization) a me HNO3.
- Nā kumu: Hydroxides o nā metala lepo alkaline a alkaline.
Nā ʻakika nāwaliwali a me nā kumu
ʻĀpana ionized: α<1. Hana maikaʻi lākou i ka uila.
- Nā ʻakika: HF(aq), H2S(aq), H2CO3, H2SO3, H3PO4, H.N.O.2 a me nā ʻakika organik, e like me CH3COOH.
- Kumu: NH3 (a i ʻole NH4OH) a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao nitrogenous, e like me nā amine.
Hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻakika pH mau a me nā kumu
He aha ka dissociation mau o ka pH kumu a me ka waika?
He ana ia o ikaika o a ʻakika/base i ka hoʻonā:
ʻĀKIKA | OLELO | |
---|---|---|
KAUKA | HA+H2O⇌A−+H3O+ | B+H2O⇌HB++OH− |
MAU | Ka=[A−][H3O+][HA] | Kb=[HB+][OH−][B] |
KOLOGARHYTHM | pKa=−logKa | pKb=−logKb |
Ka ikaika pili o ka acidic a me ka pH kumu
ʻAkika a me ka pH maʻamau
Ion koena o ka wai
He aha nā amphoteric
amphoteric he aha ia mau mea
Ma ke kemika, ʻo ka mea amphoteric ka mea hiki ke hana like me ka waikawa a i ʻole ke kumu.ʻ
mai hea mai ka ʻōlelo amphoteric
Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo mai ka Greek prefix amphi- (αμφu-), ʻo ia hoʻi 'ʻelua'. Nui nā metala (e like me ka zinc, tin, lead, aluminum, a me beryllium) a me ka hapa nui o nā metalloids oxides a i ʻole hydroxides amphoteric.
He mea amphiprotic ka wai
He aha ke ʻano o ka wai he mea amphiprotic
El agua he mea waiwai amphiprotic (hiki ke hāʻawi a ʻae paha i kahi proton H+), hiki iā ia ke hana ma ke ʻano he ʻakika a i ʻole ka base (amphotericism).
ʻO ke ʻano kaulike wai ionic
El koena ionic o ka wai e pili ana i ka hoʻololi kemika i hana ʻia ai nā molekala wai ʻelua e hana i kahi ion oxonium (H3O+) a me kahi ion hydroxide (ʻŌ-):
ʻO ke kaulike kaulike, i kapa ʻia huahana ionic o ka wai, a i hōʻike ʻia e Kw, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka huahana:
Kw=[H3O+][OH−]
Ma 25°C:
[H3O+]=[OH−]=10−7M⇒Kw=10−14
pH, pOH a me ka hua ionic o ka wai (Kw). KĀKĀWAI
Nā hōʻailona pH acid-base
Un kuhikuhi ʻO ka pH he hui kemika halochromic (hoʻololi i kona kala -kūlou- ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pH) i hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi i kahi hopena i mea e ʻike maka ai i kona pH (acidity a i ʻole ke kumu kumu). Kapa ʻia ka hoʻololi kala huli.
Litmus
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai o nā mea pena like ʻole i unuhi ʻia mai lichens. Hoʻopili ʻia ma ka pepa kānana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona pH kahiko loa i hoʻohana ʻia (∼ 1300).
ʻAlani Methyl
Kākau mea hoʻopuka azo e huli ana mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka ʻalani-melemele ʻanoʻawaʻawa:
Phenolphthalein
Hōʻailona pH kala ʻole i loko o ka ʻakika e hoʻololi i ka ʻulaʻula kumu kumu:
hōʻailona honua
Huina o na hoailona (thymol blue, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein) e hōʻike ana i nā loli kala ʻoluʻolu ma luna o kahi ākea o nā waiwai pH.
ʻO nā titrations hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻakika
ʻO ka titration / titration acid-base kahi ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana kemika nui
He aha ka acid and basci pH titration chemical analysis method
Una titration / titration acid-base he hana hoʻonaʻauao kemika nui no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o kahi ʻakika a i ʻole ke kumu i ʻike ʻia (analyte), hoʻokaʻawale pololei me ka hopena maʻamau o ka base a i ʻole ka waikawa o ka ʻike ʻike ʻia (wiwo ole).
ʻO ka pānaʻi titration/titration o 25 mL o 0.1 M acetic acid me 0.1 M sodium hydroxide.
Neutralization: ka hopena ma waena o ka hui ʻana o ka ʻakika a me kahi kumu
He aha ka hopena inā hui ʻoe i ka ʻakika a me ka base?
ʻO ka pane ʻana ma waena o ka ʻakika a me ke kumu i kapa ʻia ʻo neutralization.
- ʻO nā hopena neutralization maʻamau he exothermic. que keʻano que Hāʻawi lākou i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o ka wela.
- Se kapa ʻo ia iā lākou ʻo neutralization no ka mea i ka wā e pane ai a ʻākika me kumu,
- No laila, kapa ʻia ka hopena ma waena o nā waikawa a me nā kumu. a ʻoi aʻe a emi mai paha ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻakika a i ʻole nā waiwai kumu o nā pūhui ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā waiwai o kekahi. e hana ana i ka wai a me ka paʻakai.
ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa a me ka base e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia iho, ʻaʻole pono ka pH e lilo i kū.
- ʻO ke kumu o ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa a me ka base e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia iho ʻaʻole pono e lilo ka pH i kū ʻole no ka mea, ma ka nui o ka waika a/a i ʻole ke kumu i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka pH.
- Kama, Inā ʻo ka nui o ka H+ a me OH- ua like, lilo ka hoʻonā i ke kūʻokoʻa no ka mea ua hana kekahi i kekahi e hana i ka wai (H+ +OH- →H20).
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka waika a me ka base reacting, ʻehā mau hihia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia:
- ʻO ka ʻakika ikaika mua + kumu ikaika
- ʻakika nāwaliwali + kumu ikaika
- ʻakika ikaika + kumu nāwaliwali
- A ʻo ka hope, ʻakika nāwaliwali + kumu nāwaliwali
He aha ka ʻakika a me ka hopena pH neutralization kumu?
Ma ka pane o hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ua like ka hana a ka waika a me ka base irreversible e hana i ka paʻakai a me ka wai:
ʻĀKIKA + BASE ⟶ PAʻakai + WAI
Ma muli o ka ʻakika ikaika a i ʻole ka base ka titrant, ʻo ka pH ma ka helu kaulike ʻo ia:
ANALYTE/WĀLUA | ikaika/ikaika | ʻAka Nawaliwali/Paʻa Paʻa | Kumu Nawaliwali/Aka ikaika |
---|---|---|---|
pH (EQUIVALENCE) | 7 | > 7 | <7 |
INDICATOR (huli i ka waena) | Kūlike ʻole | Ke kumu | ʻĀkika |
Pehea e helu ai i ka pH o kahi Solution
He aha ke kumu no ka pH?
Ma ka ʻepekema, ʻo ka pH ke ana o nā ion i loko o kahi hoʻonā. Pono paha ʻoe e helu i ka pH ma muli o ka ʻike.
Kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka pH
E helu i ka pH me ka hoohalike pH: pH = -log[H3O+].
Helu helu pH no nā loko ʻauʻau
Hoʻohelu wikiō i ka pH o kahi haʻina
I ka makahiki 1909, ua noi ka mea biochemist Denemaka ʻo Soren Sorensen i ka huaʻōlelo pH e hōʻike i ka "kūpono o ka hydrogen ion". Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ka pH ma ke ʻano he logaritma o [H+] i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hōʻailona. Ka wehewehe hou ʻana ma ke ʻano he hana o [H3O+].
Hoʻoponopono pH Calculator
ʻO ka pH o kahi mea helu hoʻonā
E helu i ka pH o kahi haʻina
Aia ma lalo nā helu helu ʻelua hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana e nānā i nā pane i nā pilikia kemika.
- Ka helu mua i ka pH o ka hopena o ʻakika ikaika o kahua paʻa.
- A, helu ka lua i ka pH o ka hopena o ʻakika nāwaliwali o kumu nāwaliwali.
E helu i ka pH o kahi ʻakika ikaika
Heluhelu no ka pH o ka waiʻakika ikaika
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E helu i ka pH o ka waiʻakika palupalu/ke kumu
Heluhelu no ka pH o ka waiʻakika palupalu
[planetcalc cid=»8834″ language=»es» code=»» label=»PLANETCALC, Ka pH o ka waiʻakika palupalu/base solution» kala=»#263238,#435863,#090c0d,#fa7014,#fb9b5a, # c25004″ v=»4165″]